Critically discuss why it has proved so difficult to curb child labour Essay

Critically discuss why it has proved so difficult to curb child labour - Essay Example Even with the implementation of laws within the local and international setting seeking to manage and reduce child labour incidents, this issue has remained a major problem. This essay shall now critically discuss why it has proved difficult to curb the child labour problem. An overview of the child labour problem will first be presented followed by issues and challenges relating to child labour. Possible proposals and recommendations to curb child labour will also be presented in this essay. Body About 246 million children are said to be involved in child labour according to the UNICEF1. About 20% of these children also work under very dangerous, unhealthy, and unsafe conditions, including work in mines, work with chemicals in agriculture, and working with hazardous machines2. Cases of child labour are also very extensive, covering various countries, and being subjected to different conditions, including work in their own homes. A good majority of these children are in the agricultu ral setting. There are also millions of young female children working as household helpers, often open to exploitation as well as abuse. Millions more are exposed to unfavourable conditions as they are subjected to trafficking, debt payments, slavery, child soldiering3, and prostitution4. Estimates indicate how Asia and the Pacific area have the biggest number of child labourers as young as 5 years to 14 years. Sub-Saharan Africa has about 48 million child labourers with Latin America and the Caribbean having about 17.4 million child labourers5. Fifteen percent of children in the Middle East and North Africa are also working with about 2.5 million and 2.4 million children subjected to work for developing and developing states6. This problem will likely continue to escalate and worsen in the years following due to the current unfavourable conditions present in these countries where child labour statistics are high. Child labour is very much related to rural activities. In Pakistan fo r example, close to 70% of their working children are carrying out agricultural works7. The young boys would likely be involved than girls in child labour and the older children are often involved in paid work8. The issue with child labour relates to the impact on the welfare of the children and the impact of such issue on households. In India, courts ruled against the practice of employing children in factories to make fireworks, including other dangerous occupations9. This is the idea which supports majority of the policy discussions on child labour and is the basis for ILO Convention No. 13810. The favourable impact to the household on allowing child labour mostly relates to economic benefits and the decreased educational cost in not sending the child to school11. The main costs relating to child labour refers to the possibly decreased future wages of the child as he or she would enter into the adult workforce; as he or she has lower educational attainment, his or her work qualif ications are compromised. There are specific accepted premises on child labour which should support the discussion. For one, it is very clear that child labour very much indicates poverty among households where children are living. In a review of studies which portray major negative relations between child labour and household income, such relationship is less relevant for the more progressive but

Abu Dhabi Police Essay Example for Free

Abu Dhabi Police Essay The focal point of this paper is to develop a plan that would be successfully implementing an organizational change management system within Abu Dhabi Police department in order to increase its efficiency, development and achieving future objectives. It should be stated that at the moment there are several problems related to the issue and it is needed to overcome those in order to gain more mileage in the long run. The main aspect of this problem lies in the traditional form of police and investigation procedures that are taken into account and executed with comparatively lesser efficiency. This could also be sated that the functionality of the Abu Dhabi police department is more ancient in approach and there is an essential need for the department to catch up with the rest of the world in terms of technology implementation and efficiency evaluation. Furthermore, it is also essential to look into the aspects of administrative reconstruction as the department is unable to work up to its true potential with the administrative structure located at a medieval scenario. (Lamb, 2004, 69) Thus it can well be stated that the problem with Abu Dhabi police is not only with it’s below the par utility and efficiency but also is related to the ill formulation of the administrative system. Quite logically, the department is in extreme necessity of finding solutions for negating these problems. It should be stated that at the moment there is a five step remedy to this malady. Firstly, it is essential to understand the present management of Abu Dhabi police department and identify the key areas of improvement. Similarly, it is important in the aspect of researching the past to get an understanding about Abu Dhabi Police department’s status and importantly eliminating the risk of following the old mistakes. Then, it should be noted that a wide study is incorporated with a variety of methods of change management practices and their applicability in Abu Dhabi Police department. Furthermore, it is important to investigate the potential of alternative methods of change management and the most advantageous will be launched. Lastly, a strategy would be created with prospective enhancement that can be introduced, understanding the structure and working culture currently present in Abu Dhabi police department. It should be mentioned that the theoretical framework will involve police and public interviews, police and public’s strategic interview, historical records, secondary research through the Internet and university database, it will also use strategic analysis tools for development of the evaluation of the best method between coercive and consensual policing. In this context it should also be mentioned that the purpose of the project is formulated in a mutually beneficial way such that from an academic perspective there would be a huge gain in the context of valuable experience, and simultaneously add value by providing insights as well as a fresh objective outlook on any matter relevant to the social context. Research design will follow the following method or schedule. Firstly the participants will be trained about data collection techniques and tools to be used to collect the relevant information. The participants will be including police officers, data collection officers, team leaders and other resourceful personnel. Secondly the areas to be interviewed will be identified and accessibility determined. These areas to be sampled for the research can range from 10-16 of these areas, say 5 will be where coercive policing will be imposed and other five consensual policing can be applied. The period of the research can take a period of minimum 3 months and a maximum of 6 months of which during this period data will be collected. Thirdly the data so collected will be prepared as a report of findings. Finally, the final reports will be analyzed and evaluation for determination of the difference between consensual and coercive forms of policy. The different is supposed to put more emphasis on the difference. In order to attain the objectives it is essential to recognize the existing practices in Abu Dhabi police department and also in the modern police departments of countries like USA, Germany, UK, Australia etc. This will be done by individual interviews of the officials in Abu Dhabi and the through questionnaires from other corners of the world. Primary research will be persistent on personal interviews with Abu Dhabi Police department officials that will give an inner view of the present positing and future goals. This will also be a key basis of understanding the indolence for change. This will help in bringing out the indication of the present managed system in Abu Dhabi police department organization. Ultimately the clients will help in providing the true print of Abu Dhabi Police department’s working and key areas of improvement. Data presented from this research will assist to evaluate the best practices model and the actual working. This will help in indicating the difference and the reason for Abu Dhabi police department organization to implement a successful change management. Abu Dhabi Police higher officials will be randomly selected with favorable time and place for the interviews to be carried out. Finally the research will be focused on the historical data by looking at the Abu Dhabi Police department’s strategy in the past. If any failure or any glitches are to be found in companies strategy they will be pointed in this research. This will help the writer to understand the Abu Dhabi Police department’s goals in the past and their implementation process. It is necessary to design a new experiment that test the statistical method. For the purpose it is necessary to collect a complete data of the site that would include different religion, ethnicity or gender. An open meeting with police as well as the general mass or public would be very relevant in this context in the initial stages. The mixed gender of male and female Police and public could well be excluded as that would complicate matters in the context of gender variable juxtaposed with other pre mentioned variables but considering other dependable factors sustaining it would yield to be fruitful in the long run. Data would be collected in relation to the gender, color, religion of the potential customers in respect to the composition of the management under the same parameters. All these variables are considered as very relevant and important features of the statistical method and it is to be seen if these aspects are fundamentally acceptable in practical world and it could well be mentioned that social service, especially security service industry, are a very relevant manifestation of the social dimensions. As a result if the test is carried out in a proper manner with proper calculations of the population involved then there is no reason that the results would be both logical and true at the end consideration. In accordance to the basic test selected it could be stated that it could be possible that the outcome would be relatively logical in the sense that it would ultimately follow the trends of social facilitation theory in marketing and thus it would be agreeable with the statistical method and thus a well formulated marketing strategy can be constructed for the benefit of the Police and public alike as a definite method can be chosen between coercive and consensual policing. However, it should be stated that there would be few independent variables in the context of the test that could not be explained by the statistical method statements. Here the ethical consideration of the potential Police and public or the ethnic background of the potential Police and public may not be a very relevant factor. Thus there could be some flaws to the collection of the population but if these aspects are kept in mind then the shortcomings would easily be negotiated during the ultimate computations. As a result the test would appear to be a full proofed measure that would be able to define and prove the fundamental aspects and statistical method applied. It should be noted that the access to the research participants is both easy and hard. In terms of the public interview it would be relatively easy to identify and access but the difficult part would be to frame the questioner in accordance to the color and creed of the participants in general. In case of the police interview there would be more homogenous pattern in terms of the questioner but the difficult part would be to gain access. For the purpose it would be arranged to acquire permission from the hope department. Data will be collected using two different methods. The first will be interviews, which involve citizens, police officers from the sampled areas. This is an advantage in that feedback can be obtained instantly. The second will be use of questionnaires, which will be administered to the sampled areas. The questionnaire to be used will be the opened type. The advantage of this method is that the information obtained can be quantified to reflect that the sampled group as part of the entire population. The advantage is that it is easier to analyze data collected through questionnaire method. It should be noted that reliability for the researcher was achieved in the assurance that only a specified group of men and women were utilized in regard to the research. That group was focused mostly on customers and retails along with administrative personnel. This gave the research a more focused view of the research goal. The validity was managed as a result of this focus and emphasized in the considerations involved in the data collection, variables, and sampling methods. Privacy and confidentiality methods included assigning numeric and alphabetic coding to each responding questionnaire. This ensured anonymity in regard to the researcher and the subjects of the research process and a thorough qualitative method would be used during data analysis. The basic advantages of qualitative measures are multifold. Firstly, it presents a completely realistic approach that the statistical analysis and numerical data used in research based on quantitative research cannot provide. Another advantage of qualitative measures is that it is more flexible in nature in terms of collected information interpretation, subsequent analysis and data collection. It also presents a holistic point of view of the investigation. Furthermore this approach of research allows the subjects to be comfortable thus be more accurate as research is carried on in accordance to the subject’s own terms. The best statistical method would be to interview long well formulated day to day working procedure at a specific and well selected location. Throughout the procedure, it should be noticed whether there are specific variables within the testable population or not. These variables would be extremely important while evaluating the basic data in the final stages where the adjustments would be made to the formulated data in accordance to the observations. As a conclusion to the outline of this paper it can always be stated that Qualitative research is a process that includes interpretative paradigm under the measures of theoretical assumptions and the entire approach is based on sustainability that is depended on people’s experience in terms of communication. It can also be mentioned that the total approach is based on the fact that reality is created on the social formulations. It can also be mentioned that the basic target of qualitative research is instrumented towards social context under normal circumstances where it would be possible to interpret, decode and describe the significances of a phenomenon. The entire process is operational under the parameter of interpretative paradigm that can minimize illusion and share subjectivity under contextualization, authenticity and complexity of the investigation. References: Lamb, Davis; (2004); Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust; Wellington

The Practice of Leadership investigation and questionnaire

The Practice of Leadership investigation and questionnaire The research we have discussed has described transactional leader. What is the difference between transactional and transformational leaders? (4) 1. Transactional leaders are leaders who ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Transformational leaders are leaders who ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Transformational leadership is built on top of transactional leadership. You cannot have transformational without transactional leadership. 4. The evidence supporting the advantage of transformational leadership over the transactional is tremendously impressive. 5. A Table Comparing Transactional and Transformational Leadership: Transactional Transformational Visionary vs Charismatic Leadership Visionary leadership is described as with the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive vision of the future for an organisation or organisational unit that grows out of and improves on the present. 1. If the vision is properly selected and implemented, it can be so energising that it incites individuals to use their skills, talents and resources to make it happen. 2. The key properties of a vision are that it has inspirational possibilities that are value centred, are realisable, have better imagery and are well spoken. 3. What skills do visionary leaders have? (3) a. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Charismatic leadership theory is an extension of attribution theory and suggests that followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours. A charismatic leadership style can appear similar to a transformational leadership style, in that the leader injects huge doses of enthusiasm into his or her team, and is very energetic in driving others forward. However, charismatic leaders can tend to believe more in themselves than in their teams. Eight personal characteristics of charismatic leaders have been identified. (8) ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 2. An increasing amount of research shows impressive correlations between charismatic leadership and high performance and satisfaction among followers. 3. Most experts think that individuals can be trained to exhibit charismatic behaviours. 4. Charismatic leadership may not always be needed to achieve high levels of employee performance. It may be most appropriate when an employees job has a lot of ideological content. Quiz: Charismatic and Transformational Leadership 1. Charismatic leadership is best understood by examining: a. leader characteristics b. leader and subordinate characteristics c. leader and situational characteristics d. leader, subordinate, and situational characteristics 2. Which statement about transformational and charismatic leadership is most accurate? a. both types of leadership involve the same underlying processes b. both type of leadership are effective in any situation c. charismatic leaders are less common in business organizations d. charismatic leaders are more effective in business organizations Team leadership As the usage of work teams grows, the role of team leader becomes increasingly important. 1. The challenge for most managers is learning how to become an effective team leader. 2. Effective team leaders have mastered the difficult balancing act of knowing when to leave their teams alone and when to get involved. 3. How does an effective leader build and support teams? (5) a.________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ b.________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ c.________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4. There are two priorities for a team leader. (2) a. ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. These priorities can be broken down into four specific leadership roles. a. ________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________ d. ________________________________________________ (4) Quiz: Leadership in Teams and Decision Groups 1. Which of the following is not a primary determinant of performance for a functional team? a. how long the current leader has been in that position b. trust and cooperation among the team members c. the organization and coordination of activities d. member agreement about objectives and strategies 2. The primary responsibility of the leader of a decision group is to: a. suggest good ideas for solving the problem b. ensure that everybody has equal influence c. encourage group members to reach an agreement quickly d. structure the discussion in a systematic manner 3. Which leader action is most likely to improve a group decision? a. ask judgmental questions to stimulate more creative solutions b. separate solution generation from solution evaluation c. determine who was responsible for causing the problem d. insist that the person who suggests a solution must defend it 4. Which of the following is not recommended for leaders of decision groups? a. focus the group discussion on the best two solutions b. encourage members to look for integrative solutions c. describe the problem without implying the cause or solution d. allow ample time for systematic evaluation of ideas LEADERSHIP ISSUES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. Leaders and Power: Leadership power refers to: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is the difference between power and authority? (2) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kelman (1958) proposed three different types of influence processes: 1.______________________________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________________________ 3.______________________________________________________________ French and Raven (1959) identified five sources or bases of power. Explain them. (10) 1. Legitimate power ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Coercive power ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Reward power ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Expert power ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Referent power ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yukl and Falbe (1991) add two more types of power: 1. Information Power ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Ecological Power ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Most effective leaders rely on several different bases of power. Power can be personal (referent and expert) or position (legitimate, reward, coercive, information, ecological). How is power acquired or lost? a. Social Exchange Theory _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Strategic Contingencies Theory _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Quiz: Power and Influence 1. What kind of power is dependent upon friendship and trust? a. affiliation power b. dyadic power c. referent power d. expert power 2. Which influence process is most likely to result in continued commitment to a task objective regardless of the managers subsequent actions? a. instrumental compliance b. personal identification c. compliance with authority d. internalization 3. Which two kinds of power have been found to be related most strongly to leader effectiveness in motivating subordinates? a. expert and referent power b. reward and referent power c. expert and legitimate power d. reward and expert power 4. Control over information is likely to give a manager power over: a. subordinates b. subordinates and peers c. peers and superiors d. peers, superiors, and subordinates 5. Which is not a recommended way to increase ones expert power? a. show others how to solve problems for themselves b. avoid making rash or careless statements c. act confident and decisive in a crisis d develop exclusive sources of technical information 6. The most likely outcome for an influence attempt based on legitimate power is: a. passive resistance b. compliance c. active resistance d. commitment Leading through Empowerment: Another modern leadership issue is leading through empowerment. Managers are increasingly leading by empowering their employees. 1. The increased use of empowerment is being driven by two forces. (2) a. _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Empowerment should not be considered a universal solution to problems. Instead, it should be used where a workforce has the knowledge, skills, and experience to do jobs competently and where employees seek independence and possess an internal source of control. 3. The following conditions should be met for empowerment to be introduced (Cautions): ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Quiz: Leading through empowerment 1. Leading through empowerment increases _______________ of the workers: a. control b. maturity c. independence d. decision-making maturity 2. What is the most likely benefit from using participation in decision making? a. the decision will be made more quickly b. the quality of the decision will be better c. there will be more decision acceptance by participants d. there will be greater agreement among the participants Developing Trust: Another important modern issue for leaders is creating a culture of trust and credibility. 1. Credibility is __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Trust is __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Research has identified five dimensions that make up the concept of trust. Explain them. (5) a. Integrity ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Competence ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Consistency ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ d. Loyalty ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ e. Openness ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Given the fact that many organisations have moved to self-managed work teams, trust is extremely important because many of the traditional control mechanisms have been removed. 5. How should leaders build trust? Give eight suggestions. (8) a. ________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________ d. ________________________________________________ e. ________________________________________________ f. ________________________________________________ g. ________________________________________________ h. ________________________________________________ Providing Moral, Ethical and Legal Leadership. Providing moral leadership involves addressing the means that a leader uses in achieving goals. It involves the content of the goals as well. Transformational leaders encouraging moral values when they try to change the attitudes and behaviours of followers. Unethical versus ethical leaders and the use of charisma. Recent corporate financial scandals have given rise to research that considers the ethical implications in leadership. The importance of ethical behaviour when it comes to trust. Abuse of power as leaders, especially illegal activities. Heroic Leadership. In the last few years there have been questions raised about the integrity of business leaders and there are signs of doubt entering into the publics perceptions of business. Polls in the US show that just 16 per cent of Americans trust business executives. US CEO makes 411 times the average worker. CEO salaries in Australia and New Zealand have not been as huge as in the US, but have in the same upward direction. Further resentment when rewards are given to CEOs even when the companys performance declines. Failure of the heroic leader has resulted from arrogance and greed. CEOs role as organisational leader needs to change. CEOs need to get back to the basics of what it means to be a leader. Such as: Give people a reason to come to work. Help employees to develop a passion for their work, a commitment to their colleagues and sense of responsibility to the organisations customers. Be loyal to the organisations people. Spend time with people who do the real work of the organisation. Todays CEO needs to be candid about what business practices are acceptable and proper. They should be prepared to take decisive action when something wrong is discovered. Becoming an effective leader. Organisations are in need of effective leaders. Cross-cultural leadership. Do leadership styles vary with national culture? National culture is certainly an important situational variable in determining which leadership style will be most effective because of how followers will respond. Name 7 universal elements of effective leadership. (7) _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Gender differences and leadership. The next modern leadership issue we want to discuss is gender and leadership. This topic is one that still creates controversy! What, if any, differences exist between male and female leaders and what implications would these differences have? 1. The evidence generally has found that males and females do tend to use different leadership styles. This is not sexist, just reality. (3) a. Women tend to adopt a more ____________________style and a less ________________________________style than men do. b. Women are more likely to encourage participation, share power and information, and attempt to enhance followers self-worth. c. Men are more likely to use a directive, command-and-control style. d. Men rely on the formal authority of their position for their influence base. e. Men use___________________________________ leadership, handing out rewards for good work and punishment for bad. 2. Is different better? Consider the following statement: The best managers (leaders) listen, motivate, and provide support to their people. They inspire and influence rather than control. Generally speaking, women seem to do these things better than men. Do you agree? _____ 3. However, gender does not mean destiny. Which leadership style is effective depends on the situation. Gender simply provides a behavioural tendency in leadership style. 4. Glass ceiling: An unofficial, invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in the businesses. In economics, this term refers to situations where the advancement of a qualified person within the hierarchy of an organization is stopped at a lower level because of some form of discrimination, most commonly sexism or racism, but sometimes, glass ceiling describes the limited advancement of the deaf, blind, disabled, and aged. Quiz: Gender and Cross-cultural Leadership 1. Which statement is most accurate according to the research on gender and leadership? a. men are more effective than women as leaders in organizations b. women are more effective than men as leaders in organizations c. men and women have an equal opportunity to be effective leaders d. men and women do not differ in their effectiveness as leaders 2. Which is least likely to be a reason for the glass ceiling in large organizations like business? a. differences in leadership behavior displayed by men and women b. implicit theories about the attributes required for effective leadership c. popular stereotypes about the skills and traits of men and women d. less encouragement and developmental opportunities for women Leader training Organisations around the globe spend billions of dollars, yen and Euros on leadership training and development. Some people do not have what it takes to be a leader. Evidence indicates that leadership training is more likely to be successful with individuals who are high self-monitors. Also individuals with higher levels of a trait called motivation to lead are more receptive to leadership development opportunities. Skills that can be taught are implementation skills in relation to effective visions, trust building, mentoring and situational analysis. Online leadership Write down the three main challenges of online leadership: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Leadership Role-Play: Handling Confrontation (Mon): In groups (min. 3 max 4 people) think of a scenario in which a manager has to deal with employees about a problem in a workplace interview. Prepare a written script that you will hand a copy to your instructor when you do it. Appoint one person as the reporter, one person as the manager, and the rest as employees. The reporter sets the picture for us and the others act out the scenario in about 5 minutes. Then the reporter puts up a slide to summarize the leader-follower dynamics illustrated in the role-play, as reflected by the theory that we have learnt in the workbook. The class will then discuss this summary and analyze it further, drawing effective conclusions from the theory that we have learnt. Three important questions to ask: What kind of leadership style did the manager use? What is his relationship like with the follower/s? What do you think will be the outcome of the confrontation?

Lord Of The Flies: Our Society Suppresses The Evil That Is Presented I :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies: Our Society Suppresses the Evil That Is Presented In All of Us   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding shows how our society suppresses the evil that is presented in all of us. Throughout this adventure Jack changes from a well mannered choir bo, who was scared to kill a pig, to a savage hunter who leads his band of hunters to kill everything in site. Jack was a load and strick choir leader and always seemed as if he would do anything to be leader, while Ralph was not severe or even very load, but he always wanted what was best for the group. Ralph uses the conch as a symbol of order and it is opposite to the pigs head (the lord of the flies) which attributes to the killing and sheer brutality of the hunters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack is the perfect example of a boy whose dark side took over when he was no longer bound down to a civil environment. After being unable to bear killing a pig due to the horrific blood, he became eager to gain respect, almost redeem himself, by becoming a hunter. He was remarkably enthusiastic about hunting. He painted his face and got spears. He eventually cared no more for being rescued, because all he wanted to do was kill pigs. The number of hunters kept on growing and he began to get other kids to hunt with him. They soon had a routine (the dance) and whenever they did thad they had to kill, because they got so pumped up when they did it. Jack then began killing as if it were a luxury. They became savage hunters as evil took over; they killed almost as if it were a sexual performance for them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As this adventure began, Jack was the leader of the choir. He was a bully who always wanted to be the leader and be looked upon with the utmost resopect. When Ralph came along as a mild and sensible boy, and was chosen ahaed of Jack as the leader, Jack was furious. Jack wanted more than anything to become leader and he began an amoral reign as he let the evil within take control. He became a hunter and a bold dictator looking bot for order, but for fun. Ralph was searching for order, yet Jack's overpowering will to succeed Ralph as the leader led him to compleat madness. He now was an killer and had let his evil half take over. By the end of the story he had become so evil,

Diversity in the Classroom Essay

In what ways might you experience diversity in a classroom? What strategies might you use to help provide equal learning outcomes for all? Diversity occurs in many forms within the classroom environment and necessitates the knowledge of the whole child, testing the skills and insight of the teacher. Children do not differ solely in their academic aptitude but in their behavioural, motivational and emotional needs as well. The inefficiencies in any of these areas can be the result of a great variety of reasons and therefore overcoming or resolving these issues relies on knowing the individual and their needs explicitly in addition to comprehensive awareness of the alternative strategies that can be used. Successful teaching encompasses three main components, the teaching, the students and the teacher. Effectiveness requires thorough understanding of all three. The teaching involves the content being taught and the pedagogy used to convey that content. Nonetheless, before strategic planning begins, part two of the puzzle must be understood, the children. How do they learn? What are their strengths, weaknesses, and most importantly, their needs? This must be approached with the overall class and each individual in mind. Knowing the child starts primarily by examining the backgrounds of students especially by considering and respecting differing family values and beliefs. According to Groundwater-Smith et al. (2003) teachers must diagnose and continually monitor their students’ learning to identify needs and abilities. As Nieto argues, students are often treated differently because of the way their differences are perceived rather than because of these differences per se. (Nieto, 2002, as quoted in Groundwater-Smith et al, 2003, p. 4). Any differences or disabilities require particular attention with considerations to individual needs.

Self Reliance

The Idea of American Self Reliance From the readings of Cooper, Hawthorne, and Emerson you get a coherent understanding of how each writer interpreted the notion of â€Å"American Self Reliance†. Self- Reliance is defined as the dependence on one's own efforts and abilities . There are profound strengths in promoting and practicing the idea of Self-Reliance but also evident weaknesses if the phrase is taken too literally.While making reference to Cooper, Hawthorne and Emerson's readings the following essay will discuss the otion of American Self Reliance as well as an advantage and a disadvantage that can be caused by fully living by its creed. Most of us strive for success and independence. Most take pride in themselves for being able to start from the bottom and emerge on top with no help from others. This is typically interpreted as self reliance. However, it is not always possible to rise to the top by our efforts solely. At times we all need help in succeeding in life or simply bettering ourselves.Emerson's writing persuades you to believe that man alone is completely self sufficient for him r herself. I view this as a disadvantage or weakness in thought and practice because you cannot always believe that you will never need help from anyone or anything. This type of thinking could potentially stagnant one's progress and the reluctance to ask for or accept help would be the cause. Emerson writes â€Å"To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart, is true for all men, – that is genius†.I disagree with this statement because it can be interpreted negatively or positively and from the reading I deduced that Emerson only presented his statement in a positive cogitation. This quote further influences us to believe that if we feel we can accomplish anything on our own in our hearts then everyone should believe this as well and in turn this is the most intellectual way to think. Unfortunately there a re countless times when what we believe true in our hearts, whether it concerns our capabilities or accomplishments, are in reality not feasible.Certain external or internal factors beyond our control can hinder our progress. Although, with the help of others, and the renouncement of the notion of living trictly by a creed of self- reliance, one could possibly demonstrate success in their thoughtful aspirations regardless of the unknown or potential hindrances that may lie ahead. With help we are able to maneuver and the ability to maneuver in our lives is an advantage and strength. I do not disagree with the complete ideology of self reliance.Emerson writes, â€Å"What I must do, is all that concerns me, not what the people think. It is easy in the world to live after the world's opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd eeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude†. This quote is powerful because it depicts the strength or advantage (great man) that one can have in life if they focus on self and not worry about the opinions and conformity that society attempts to influence them with.It makes reference to will-power, determination and in solitude, amidst society. Having independent thought no matter what coaxes exists is a vital aspect of self reliance. In Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown he writes, â€Å"Faith! Faith! cried the husband. Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One! . Despite the fact that Hawthorne does not specifically mention the theory of self reliance in Young Goodman Brown, it is still included metaphorically throughout the text.Here Hawthorne support Emerson's ideology of Self Reliance by showing the strong will and determination Goodman Brown had by sticking to his beliefs and resorting to the higher power (God) in the face of evil and ultimately veering away from the influence of the wicked that surrounded him. After Brown sticks to his beliefs and does not conform to those of his surrounding environment he finds imself alone again in the woods, everything having vanished.Staying committed in your beliefs and views at all times whether in solitude or among others is important and as Hawthorne depicts, can entirely alter a predicament or situation for the better. From the readings I also concluded that self reliance is not only about believing in yourself or staying true to who you are despite the influence of society it is also about not abusing the resources that god has put forth for you to flourish. James Fenimore Cooper writes in The Pioneers, â€Å"It's much better to kill only such as ou want, without wasting your powder and lead, than to be firing into God's creaters in such a wicked manner.But I come out for a bird, and you know the reason why I like small game, Mr. Oliver, and now I have got one I will go home, for I don't like to see these wasty ways that you are all practysing, as if the least thing was not made fo r use, and not to destroy'. Cooper reveals a portion of his interpretation of Self reliance with this excerpt from The Pioneers. The character who speaks these words, Natty Bumppo, was portrayed as the embodiment of American Self-Reliance, who ived free, was strong, determined, self sufficient and lived close to nature.Cooper believed that connection with nature was essential for one's development and ability to be self reliant. In this quote he portrays his distaste for killing god's creations for game and not necessity, which translate into the abuse of our natural resources. Cooper, Hawthorne and Emerson collectively make some great points and examples of American Self Reliance throughout their works. However, it is important to acknowledge that some of their ideologies can serve as strengths as well as potential eaknesses. Cooper, F.J. (2003). The Pioneers. In N. Baym, The Norton Anthology of Literature (pp. 440-449). New York : Norton & Company. Emerson, R. (2003). Self Relianc e. In N. Baym, The Norton Anthology of Literature (pp. 450-467). New York: Norton & Company. Hawthorne, N. (2003). Young Goodman Brown. In N. Baym, The Norton Anthology of Literature (pp. 613-623). New York : Norton & Company. Merriam- Webster. com. (2013, November 3). Retrieved November 3, 2013, from Merriam- Webster: http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/self%20reliance