Hotels Cooling and Heating Systems

Lodgings Cooling and Heating Systems Lodgings work 24 hours in a day serving visitors and offering an assortment of administrations. Visitor rooms, kitchen, pools, and retail outlets are offices that are used all through, day and night. With visit room temperature changes, a warming or cooling framework is fundamental in guaranteeing customers’ solace and inn productivity. Inn proprietors think that its proper to search for proficient assistance when temperatures in inn offices become ominous. Be that as it may, figuring out how the warming and cooling gadget functions offers the most fitting response to the problem.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Hotels Cooling and Heating Systems explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In request to see how the framework works, one must acclimate oneself with the segments of an inn warming or cooling gadget (Eugene 56). Inn Entrepreneurs are, as every other person, committed to figure out how temperature controller works.The first basic piece of the framework is the wellspring of warmed or cooled air. It is the inception of all gases dispersed inside the framework and in the rooms.The other piece of the framework is a channel called distributer. It offers an entry through which warmed or cooled air is appropriated inside the inn offices. Another necessary piece of the cooling framework is the control framework. (Abraham 91).It screens and manages the cooling procedure. The vitality dissemination from the source is done through funnels and wires. The vitality goes into radiators or warming boards, where it is in the end smothered. In some advanced cases, warming and cooling gadgets use boilers for moving warmed water. In these special frameworks, pipes are implanted on dividers, roof sheets, floors and different pieces of the lodgings. Heated water in pipes inserted on house parts thusly; routinely move the glow to the encompassing environment. The flows thus warm air all around in the whole lodging environment. Climate control system utilizes a related innovation. At the point when it is turned on, it begins by freezing the gas inside its loops, which thus cools the whole room. The rooms are cooled legitimately from the unit, or at times, cooled air is channel to the offices straightforwardly. By and large, current strategies being created to mix the old warming and cooling strategy share fundamental support standards with the old age of frameworks heating.Heating siphons are utilized in numerous homes and lodgings to spare vitality (Ibrahim 64). Forced air systems and warming frameworks use fuel to control room temperatures. They use oil, power, or the cutting edge atomic vitality. It is intriguing to take note of that the temperature-control gadget utilizes fuel to deliver either warmed air or cooled air. How this functions depends on fundamental standards of science.Advertising Looking for paper on designing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Heated air moves from moderately hot ground to cool grounds, as warm air rises upwards in a round way to supplant cool air. The rule relies upon ordinary current stream, and it guarantees proceeded with flexibly of warm air in the whole lodging during chilly climate. Then again, Air Conditioners adequately utilize a similar standard of current stream to expel tourist from lodgings. Warming siphons produces chill air that settles off wards against the progression of warm air. Support of warming and cooling frameworks is simple for any individual with the information on parts of the warming and cooling framework and the aptitudes on the most proficient method to assess the machine parts, remembering how they work (Butterworth 72). In any case, productive activity of the device is one of the numerous methods of performing positive customary upkeep practices to maintain the activity status of the framework. In the event of operational issues with the unit, one needs to start by ch ecking all the three segments of the framework to find the deficiency. The parts to be checked are air source, dissemination framework, and indoor regulator and control unit. The gifted business visionary should check both the warmer and forced air system in the event that they are running. In the event that they are operational, at that point the issue is at the source. The business visionary should then check if fuel gracefully is undisturbed. On the off chance that fuel gracefully is agreeable, he should check the framework; it might be flawed. As another option, if no method yields positive outcomes, an examination concerning the control framework should then uncover the shortcoming. The control unit must have the option to begin the machine and stop it securely. On the off chance that one is fulfilled that control unit is well activity to begin and keep the gadget working successfully, at that point the presentation of intensity gracefully gets faulty. A short look into its tas ks will prompt an educated choice on the essential advance regarding activity. Whatever the reason for inconvenience in the machine, a business person should begin by utilizing the starter steps expressed underneath to help in finding the flaw. The main critical advance to take is to affirm whether the unit gets power. This is finished by assessing wire and circuit breakers to see whether they are as of now smothered because of overheating. Simultaneously, switch on all force switches and ensure the indoor regulator is appropriately set. There might be auxiliary changes that should be assessed for brief association. It is likewise valuable to assess if power flexibly setting are turned on and pilot light is well lit.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Hotels Cooling and Heating Systems explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Abraham, Heinemann. Universal Encyclopedia of Hospitality Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print. Butterwor th, Feinstein. Cooling System plan Manual. New York, NY: Nerd Press, 2007. Print. Eugene, Stamper. Handbook of Air molding, Heating, and Ventilating. New York, NY: Industrial Press, 1979. Print. Ibrahim, Marc. Condition and Sustainable Development. London: Oxford OX2 8DP, 2007. Print.

Marketing Trend Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing BTEC Coursework

Promoting Trend Presentation Organizations of today should react to change to endure what's to come. Change is unavoidable development is discretionary. Change powers all entrepreneurs to adjust, alter and be lively in building their organizations. All things considered, there are just three things an organization can do with change: overlook it, adjust to it or grasp it. By concentrating on better approaches for getting things done, an organization can renew their business. Specifically, promoting in new ways and with various systems mimics new business, yet in addition gives an organization another vision on efficiency. Promoting Organizations should utilize their assets carefully as advancements and snappy markets will leave organizations attempting to discover their way to the entryway. Burning through a huge number of dollars to make an item one of a kind is a relic of times gone by with innovation and the regularly changing purchasing behaviors and rivalry organizations should utilize those dollars to underline their organization esteems not explicitly their item. Moreover instruction will assume a significant job as business sectors and innovation is quickly evolving. Organizations ought to build up a culture that energizes and encourages better approaches for taking a gander at things. They continually ought to endeavor to make, create, test and refine thoughts. Associations and affiliations are assets and focused on offering thoughts, data, information, gatherings, distributions and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Likewise, neighborhood school proceeding with instruction classes, open workshops and even the libr...

Why Some People Are More Prone to Depression

Why Some People Are More Prone to Depression Depression Causes Print Why Some People Are More Prone to Depression Than Others By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 14, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Josef Lindau / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Causes of Depression Biological Factors Environment Factors Social Factors Lifestyle Factors View All Why do some people experience depression while others dontâ€"even when under the same circumstances? Figuring out what makes someone more prone to clinical depression continues to be one of the most pressing questions for researchers and mental health professionals. Although researchers don’t have an exact answer as to why some people are more prone to depression than others, theres likely more than one causative factor. Research has implicated everything from physical and chemical differences in the brain to social and environmental risk factors.?? The complexity of depression is what makes it a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. Understanding what could make a person more likely to experience depression is the first step in developing prevention and treatment strategies tailored to reduce individual vulnerability to the condition.??   Developing a more complete understanding of the various mechanisms that drive depression could also help researchers get better at predicting who will get depressed as well as predicting how the condition will present over time. ?? With this information, mental health professionals would be better prepared to predict how a person might respond to antidepressants or other forms of therapeutic treatment.   What Causes Depression?   According to the World Health Organization, over 300 million people worldwide live with depression. While the experience of depression is shared by many, the contributing factors will be different for each person with the condition.   There are some factors, like genetics, that you don’t have control over. However, there are others, such as your diet, that can be modified. While making a change wont necessarily prevent depression, it may help reduce your risk.   Whether you can change them or not, its helpful to be aware of factors that could make you more likely to develop depression in your lifetime. Just remember that researchers are still figuring out the role each factor plays. Having oneâ€"or even severalâ€"of the factors thought to contribute to depression doesn’t mean you will definitely become depressed.   Depression is common in people of all ages, races, gender identities, and socioeconomic status. According to the 2017 report from the National Institute of Mental Health, depression affects approximately 17.3 million people in the United States. And in 2018, the CDC reported that approximately 1.9 million children (ages 3â€"17) in the U.S. have been diagnosed with depression. Depression Statistics Everyone Should Know Biological Factors Some risk factors for depression are rooted in your biology. Brain Chemistry   Researchers dont agree on precisely how brain chemicals relate to depression, but the connection has been discussed for many decades. Some established theories suggest that low certain levels of neurotransmitters (which the brain cells use to send signals to each other) could cause depression. Other researchers have proposed that being depressed causes low levels, rather than it being the other way around. The relationship may even go both ways.   What is known is that some people with depression feel better when they take medications that work on these neurotransmitters. However, researchers aren’t convinced this is enough to prove specific relationships between brain chemistry and depression, in large part because some people with depression don’t feel better when they take antidepressants.   The Chemistry of Depression Genetics Researchers know that people who have family members who are depressed are more likely to become depressed themselves. But having a family history of depression doesn’t mean you will experience depression in your lifetime.?? There are still other factors that have to line up in order for a genetic predisposition to result in depression. That said, large genome-wide study published in The American Journal of Psychiatry in 2019 found that people with a genetic predisposition for major depression have an increased risk for suicide attempts across psychiatric disorders. Chronic Pain and Illness Depression is common in people living with chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and migraines. Research has shown that chronic pain conditions may cause biochemical changes that lead to symptoms of depression.?? A person with chronic pain and illness may become depressed due to their situation, especially when they are facing a loss of quality of life, a reduced level of day-to-day functioning, prolonged pain, and/or death.?? It’s also been shown that people who are diagnosed with one mental illness are more likely to develop another.?? Conditions such as anxiety and depression commonly co-occur. While different mental health conditions may be diagnosed at the same time and can influence one another, they may need to be treated in different ways.   Hormones Certain hormonal shifts can increase your risk of depression as well. For example, the hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, giving birth, and menopause can all contribute to depression.   The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that around 1 in 9 women in the U.S. report experiencing postpartum depression. And according to a 2010 study, approximately 4% of fathers report depression in the first year after a child is born.   It’s also not unusual for people with thyroid conditions to experience depression.?? While symptoms tend to be more common in people with a low-functioning thyroid (hypothyroidism), people with an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can also experience anxiety and depression. Environment Factors Environmental factors also appear to play a role in the development of depression in some people. Early Trauma and Abuse One of the more well-studied depression risk factors is trauma in early childhood. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are known to increase a person’s lifetime risk of developing both mental and chronic physical illness, including depression.?? Research into ACEs is ongoing, but previous studies have confirmed a strong link between specific childhood experiences and depression later in life.   The CDC groups ACEs into three types: Abuse (physical, emotional, sexual)Neglect (physical, emotional)Household Dysfunction (domestic violence, divorce, substance use, a parent who is mentally ill, a parent who is incarcerated) An individual’s ACE score is strongly linked to their risk of mental and physical illness, poverty, and even early death.  Risk increases as the number of ACEs increases and a person with four or more ACEs is at the highest risk. Researchers believe that child abuse may change the brain physically, as well as alter its connectivity structure.?? Studies have also shown that neuroendocrine function may be altered in people who experienced high levels of stress as children.?? A 2019 study from the Massachusetts General Hospital has even proposed that traumatic experiences in the first three years of life may even change a childs DNA. How Child Abuse Changes the Brain Poverty According to a 2015 survey from the American Psychological Association, 64% of American adults said money was a significant source of stress in their lives.  People living in poverty were twice as likely to have depression compared to those living at or above the poverty level.?? Not only does living in poverty place a person at higher risk for depression but if they are unable to work or do not have access to support and social services, mental illness can make it harder for someone to break out of a cycle of socioeconomic disadvantage.?? Several studies and pilot programs have shown that when people with mental illness were given financial assistance, symptoms of depression and anxiety improved.?? Environmental Exposures Where a person lives can also have an impact on mental health in a number of ways. For example, some people report they become depressed during certain months of the year, sometimes called seasonal affective disorder (SAD). There are also studies that cite pollution and other environmental exposures as potential contributing factors to depression.?? For example, some research has linked lead exposure in childhood to poor mental health later in life. In another study, children who grew up in areas with poor air quality appeared to be more likely to be depressed or be diagnosed with conduct disorder by the time they turned 18. Your environment can also be an asset to your mental health. Research has shown that spending time in nature can help people cope with depression, and a 2019 study found kids who spent time in nature had better mental health as adults. Social Factors In addition to biological and environmental factors, social factors such as a persons personality, experiences of stress and conflict, and even social media can also influence depression risk. Personality Certain personality traits, including low self-esteem, pessimism, neuroticism, and being self-critical or a perfectionist have been associated with a greater tendency toward depression and other mental health conditions, such as anxiety and eating disorders.?? Researchers are especially interested in learning more about a personality trait that may make someone less likely to experience depression. Resilience, or the qualities or traits that make some people more likely to “bounce back” from adverse experiences, may also be key to preventing and treating depression.?? Personality Traits and Depression Stress and Conflict Major life eventsâ€"including traditionally positive events like getting married or negative events like losing a jobâ€"can all create stress. When we are stressed, our cortisol levels rise. One theory is that high levels of cortisol (especially when they are chronically elevated) could affect serotonin levels.?? Work-related stress, in particular, can be a driver of depression. Losing a job is an obvious stressor, but the work environment can also contribute to stressâ€"especially if it doesnt feel supportive. According to APA-sponsored polls from 2017, 2018, and 2019, only half of U.S.  workers report feeling that they can discuss mental health openly at work.   Conflict at work or school can also make it more likely a person will become depressed. A 2010 study in Japan linked interpersonal conflict at work to depression (particularly among male employees with a higher socioeconomic status). The year before, researchers in Sweden had published a study showing that having serious conflicts with coworkers or bosses, and/or feeling excluded or left out at work, contributed to depression in employees. The Main Causes of Stress It’s not just adults who experience conflict away from home: Kids and teens can encounter interpersonal challenges at school that have the potential to affect their short and long term mental and physical health.   A 2017 report from the National Center for Education Statistics found that 20% of students between the ages of 12â€"18 said they had been bullied at school in the previous year. According to the CDC, kids who are bullied are more likely to experience mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. They’re also more likely to have physical ailments, particularly headaches and stomachaches.   Going through conflicts with friends and/or family may also increase the chances that a person who is prone to depression will develop the condition.?? Grief Grieving is a process that can look and feel like depression, except that it usually follows a particular timeframe beginning with an event (such as the death of a loved one) and gradually moving toward resolution or a stage of acceptance.?? Researchers are learning, though, that bereavement can take on the qualities of a condition similar to clinical depression, particularly in terms of how long it persists (years as opposed to months).?? Complicated grief, as it is often termed, appears to be more likely when someone loses a loved one in a sudden, unexpected, and especially violent way (such as a car accident).?? Additional studies are needed to formally define complicated grief as a distinct condition, but it appears to have a relationship to depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).?? The stress caused by a death, major loss, or another life stressor can be enough to trigger an episode of depression in someone who already possesses the tendency towards this condition. The Difference Between Grief and Depression Social Media While the research is still fairly new and ongoing, many studies have investigated the effect of social media on mental health, especially in young people.??   Several studies have indicated that social media use can trigger depressive symptoms and anxiety through insecurity, comparison,?? “fear of missing out,”?? and bullying/harassment (which, whether experienced in-person or online, raises a child’s lifetime risk for depression).?? Overuse of social media may also contribute to depression by reducing a person’s level of physical activity and real-life interaction. A sedentary lifestyle and being socially isolated are two factors that can contribute to poor mental health independent of social media habits.??   The research hasn’t been all bad, though. Technology, the internet, and social media may also prove useful for helping to detect and manage depression.?? The Best Online Resources for Depression Lifestyle Factors Last, but not least, lifestyle factors from the medications you take to your diet can have an effect on your risk of experiencing depression. Prescription Medications Certain medications are known to have the potential to increase a person’s risk of depression, including: Statins??Accutane??Beta-blockers??Corticosteroids??Interferon-alpha?? Medications used to treat mental illness and sleep disorders can also worsen or cause depression in some people.?? People under the age of 25 are at some increased risk for increased suicidality after starting certain antidepressants. Therefore, the FDA has given these medications a black box warning.   Drugs That Can Cause Depression Substance Use It’s not uncommon for people with mental illness to self-medicate with drugs and alcohol. However, it’s also important to note that not unlike certain prescription medications, illicit drugs can also make a person feel depressed.   According to data from the  National Alliance on Mental Health’s Drug and Health Survey, 7.9 million people in the U.S. were living with both depression and a substance use disorder in 2014.   When substance use and depression occur at the same time (sometimes called “dual diagnosis) it can be difficult to find the right treatment.?? People often require a diverse team of doctors and mental health professionals with experience in substance use disorders for support. If a person needs to withdraw from a substance, its sometimes safest for them to do so under medical care.  Treatment at a mental health facility can also help a person address both substance use disorders and symptoms of depression that may accompany them.   How Substance Use Can Lead to Mood Disorders Diet and Physical Activity Recent studies have indicated that adults with mild depression may be able to prevent an episode of major depression through a combination of lifestyle changes. Gut microbes and diet may also play a role in the development of depression.?? Some research has also shown that certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, might help older adults avoid depression.?? On the other hand, diets that are high in sugar and trans fat, especially heavily processed food, can promote or worsen depression, especially when paired with a sedentary lifestyle.?? A possible reason for the link is that diets high in these foods can lead to weight gain. In fact, a 2018 study  found that people were more likely to become depressed if they were overweightâ€"even if the extra weight wasn’t causing other health problems such as high blood pressure or type 2 diabetes. The benefits of exercise for our health are well known, but we are learning more about how exercising can help people with depression manage their symptoms.?? Several recent studies confirmed previous research indicating that regular exercise and a healthy diet doesn’t just help people manage depression, but can help prevent it.?? How Physical Activity Affects Mental Health A Word From Verywell Each person’s experience of living with depression will vary, as will the individual factors that contribute to the development and course of the condition. Mental illness is common and treatable, but it can take time to find the safest and most effective treatment. Working with doctors and mental health professionals, developing coping strategies at work and school, and having support from family and friends are of vital importance to every person living with depression, as well as those with risk factors for developing the condition in their lifetime. The 7 Best Online Resources for Depression

Case Profile Of John Wayne Gacy - 1291 Words

Criminal Profile of John Wayne Gacy John Gacy was a serial killer and rapist who sexually assaulted, tortured, and murdered thirty-three teenage and young men, John’s method of his murders would be by strangling them. These crimes were done between the years of 1972 and 1978, he was convicted of his crime in 1968 and found guilty in 1980. Gacy was born on March 17.,1942 in Chicago, Illinois. Growing up John had a very abusive childhood and also had a hard time with his sexuality. His alcoholic father would beat him for no reason at all, sometimes so he would beat John so brutally that he would get knocked unconscious. Gacy was also sexually molested by one of his family’s friends. He wasnt the most flattering boy in school and was†¦show more content†¦Such as when he was rapped by a family friend, and constantly being tortured by his father. When it comes to being intelligent and clever with crimes and hiding murders, John is not the best. His lack of knowledge on how criminal investigations work and what is used for evidence, is very low. He would keep their clothing, one of his victims had a class ring, which he also kept. To add to all of that stupidity, he would then hide the victims bodies under his home as if the smell wouldn’t come up through the house and be a dead giveaway that he had murdered people. If we were to put Gacy’s murders/crime under a certain category it would most likely fall under the kidnap-murder and sexual homicide. This is because he would kidnap his victims, then he would rape them before killing them, which would be the sexual homicide part of it. One of Gacy’s victims, in particular, his name is Rob Piest, was a fifteen-year-old boy. Piest worked part-time at the Mission Pharmacy in the northwestern suburbs of Chicago. On December 11 at quitting time, Rob told his mother that he was going to talk to a man about a construction job, but he had never returned home afterward. His parents went to the police department to fill o ut a missing persons report on Piest. The police officer that was there the night the parents filed the report, told prosecutor Terry Sullivan that there was something strange about Rob being missing and that he did not think he was a runaway. Sullivan agreed,Show MoreRelatedEssay On The Killer Gangster1676 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Criminal Case Facts John Wayne Gacy, also known as â€Å"the Killer Clown,† was 36 years old and living in Des Plaines, Illinois when he was apprehended by police in 1978. By then, Gacy had murdered 33 young men and boys. He was originally arrested on a drug charge, when further investigation of his home, due to the connection that he had to several missing young men, revealed to investigators the horrible contents of the crawlspace underneath his home (Crime Stories, 1999). He was thenRead More They Call Him Mr. Gacy Essay2347 Words   |  10 Pagesdeeds of American serial killer John Wayne Gacy, who is thought to have sexually assaulted and murdered 32 boys between 1976 and his arrest in December 1978 (Cahill, 1978; Gacy, 1989). This profile of Gacy compiles a birth-to-death chronology of events and activities that may lend insight to the personality of a habitual liar, model citizen, and serial murderer. Born to Marion Elaine Robinson Gacy and John Hanely Gacy on St. Patricks Day in 1942, John Wayne Gacy was the second of three childrenRead MoreSerial Murders Are Not Indigenous, Nor Are They A New Phenomenon1157 Words   |  5 Pageslocations within a thirty day period while allowing for a â€Å"cooling-off period† between each murder. These murders show no apparent motive besides personal gratification for the killer (Johnston). Ambiguous repetitive murders are often the hardest cases to solve and murder analysts continue to search for explanations of these actions. Crime analyst William Anderson states that it s believed that a variety of biological and social factors correlate to such heinous acts (Anderson). Key traits thatRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Forensic Psychology1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthe basic definition of a Forensic Psychologist is an individual that treats criminal- related people. Here is some information about everything there is to know of a Forensic Psychologist, their salary, types of jobs, well- known people, famous cases, and their disadvantages. First of all, when someone hears the terminology Forensic Psychology, they usually refer to it as psychologists studying criminals. However, there is more to the meaning than meets the eye. For example, the birth of ForensicRead MoreWhy Do Parents Behave? Essay1827 Words   |  8 Pagesaverage serial killer profile is white, male, low-middle socioeconomic status, in his 20s or 30s, has a history of childhood abuse or neglect, is sociopathic/psychopathic, is a chameleon to his environment, and appears normal to others (Court TV’s crime library, n.d.). Other historical factors common in serial killers are abuse, trauma, insecure attachment, loss or abandonment of a parent or caretaker, antisocial behavior, head injury, and low arousal levels. John Wayne Gacy, Gary Ridgeway, and EdRead MoreSerial Murders And The Criminal Justice Field854 Words   |  4 Pagesone person. Serial homicides are known to be multiple killings by the same killer over a time period- varies from mont hs to years. â€Å" INSERT BOOK DEFINITION† Some of the most infamous serial killers known today are Jack the Ripper, Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, the Zodiac killer, and Jeffrey Dahmer. All of whom are white males between the age of 20-45 and who presented themselves as a normal person; living a double life. Serial killers are hard to identify they present to be normal people, some marriedRead More Serial Killers in the U.S. Essays4042 Words   |  17 Pagespolice departments often lack the modern equipment and technology needed to track and recognize connections between cases. It is generally accepted that many cases of serial murder have not been reported because of lack of evidence or the person murdered is never noticed to be missing. The U. S. has had more than 150 documented cases of serial killers since 1800. Retired FBI analyst John Doug-las believes that at any one time, there may be from 30 to 50 serial killers active in the U. S. Good locationsRead More Serial Killers: Monsters or Mentally Ill Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pagesunnoticed which is why the growth of the killer continues. A thing such as animal cruelty is one of many clues inside the growth of a serial killers mind â€Å"They often start out their careers by maiming, harming, and torturing small animals.† â€Å"In extreme cases, they have been known to spend hours inflicting a slow death on animals...this is a form of control that allows them the power to crave† (Kocsis,2008) . Many future serial killers also show a major interest in setting fires. Even though it is commonRead MoreHow Serial Killers came to be Essay1921 Words   |  8 Pagesframe of reference (Kevin Haggerty, p.1, 2009). The paper will seek to provide the readers with an explanation of how serial killers came to be and how they are portrayed in the media. Several serial killers have a definitive and common personality profile. Almost every major social, biological, psychological behavioural influence that has been seriously suggested as playing a role in causing crime has been thoroughly thought as potentially contributing to the behavior of serial killers (Levin, 2008)Read MoreBiology of Serial Killers Essay2206 Words   |  9 Pagesindividual could be facing easily influences the act he is going to carry out. Asocial and non-social are the other groups of serial killers. Asocial serial killer carries out his job in a disorganized way, he or she has no plan of what to do in many cases, he or she often feels lonely, and he or she often applies no skills on the act. In a fearful mode, he knocks the victim in an unconscious way before committing the murder. He further moves the victim to a new place. On the other hand, the non-social

Women Strive for Education and Equal Rights - 1157 Words

The Quran states: That man can have nothing but what he strives for (QS. 53:39). The word ‘man’ used in this verse not only covers the patriarchal nature, but the androgynous nature of humans as a whole. Women were once considered property of men; even if not as property then only as pinch-hit for male labour. The highest rank given to a woman was of one who bore male labours and fed them. No voting rights, no right to run for office, or the right to own property of their own. Male members of the society were allowed to marry as many women as they yearned for while women had to adhere to monogamy just to stop the property from being transferred to someone else’s’ children. Women had to strive a lot to get a pinch of rights. Even today†¦show more content†¦The average lifespan of women is 49 years; 85 percent of women face, or have faced, abuse or physical violence. And Afghanistan still has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world . Early marriage is extremely common as well. To take power women need to stand on the same level as men do, and that can be achieved only through education. When we talk about power, the first thing that comes to our mind is ‘representation’ or more precisely ‘politics.’ Educated women can participate in politics so that they can convey their voices, and their thoughts, opinions and concerns are heard and delivered effectively in the public policy. Women Suffrage Movement was initiated as a result of women’s strive for the voting rights in the first wave of Feminism. But even today women are not given equal representation in politics; not because of the patriarchal oppression, but primarily because of their own indolence to acquire rights. Those who strive are on the apex of their fields while those who are self-gauged keep living, merely as a corpse, in the shadow of men. According to Wikipedia, women representation in Parliament of Pakistan is 60 out of 266 elected seats, which makes only 22.6% of the total elected seats. This is partially due to the fact that politics is intentionally confined to the m ale representatives, but partially due to the reluctance of women to indulge themselves into representation. Specioza Wandira Kazibwe, the first ViceShow MoreRelatedFeminism Throughout History1698 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism Throughout history, women around the globe have been struggling to gain rights that are equal to men in the society. Women have been struggling to obtain respect, equality, and the same rights men have in the society. However, this has been difficult to them because of patriarchy, an ideology whereby, men are always considered to be superior to women, and have the right to control women. This thought has spread widely among the social structures of the society around the globe and thisRead MoreLiberation Ideology Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesfor All Oppression and discrimination has existed and continues to exist in the past, present, and future history of the United States. The mistreatment of particular groups infringe on the idea that all individuals are free and equal. Liberation ideology strives to eliminate external and internal oppression of particular groups in both a formal and informal method in our legal system and society. This ideology believes in the freedom and equality of the individual. Similar to welfare liberalismRead MoreEssay on Womens Role in Society in the 1800s728 Words   |  3 PagesDuring the early 1800s women were stuck in the Cult of Domesticity. Women had been issued roles as the moral keepers for societies as well as the nonworking house-wives for families. Also, women were considered unequal to their male companions legally and socially. 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Peoplesoft Messaging Server Free Essays

string(45) " at see if any associated handler is booted\." Contents PeopleSoft Messaging Server Settings Guide1 Contents2 Introduction Introducing the PeopleSoft Messaging Server3 Messaging Server Processes4 Configuring Messaging Servers in PSADMIN4 Understanding Dispatcher Parameters5 Understanding Handler Parameters7 Understanding Integration Broker Parameters8 Minimum and Recommended Values. 9 Edit History10 Introduction Introducing the PeopleSoft Messaging Server PeopleSoft Messaging Services exist on the application server and are the heart of the Integration Broker. Before using Integration Broker, you must configure and start the Messaging Server, aka PUB/SUB. We will write a custom essay sample on Peoplesoft Messaging Server or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the server processes devoted to your messaging system are all part of the larger application server domain, they comprise a distinct set of processes that aren’t involved with the ordinary transactions associated with PIA connections. Six processes of two different types, dispatchers and handlers, are combined in pairs to produce the messaging servers needed for transmitting messages throughout your messaging system. Each messaging server is a different type. A set of three — a publication broker, a publication contractor, and a subscription contractor — constitute the messaging server set required by Integration Broker. Following is a listing of the generic names for the processes: Messaging ServerDispatcher NameHandler Name Publication Broker (BRK)PSBRKDSPPSBRKHND Publication Contractor (PUB)PSPUBDSPPSPUBHND Subscription Contractor (SUB)PSSUBDSPPSSUBHND PeopleSoft delivers default PUB/SUB services with _dflt added to the above naming convention. For example PSBRKDSP_dflt. It is recommended that you use these services unless you have a specific need for dedicated handlers. To boot PUB/SUB use PSADMIN to configure your domain and simply answer Y to the following question at the end of the configuration process: Command to execute (1-7, q) : 4 Do you want the Publish/Subscribe servers configured (y/n)? [y]:y For typical implementations, there is no need to configure custom or additional dedicated messaging servers as the default messaging services will handle all basic messages. Please see the last section of this guide for recommended values More information about managing the application server can be found in the PeopleSoft Server Tools Administration Peoplebook. Additional Information available in Peoplebooks under: Home PeopleBooks Library PeopleSoft Integration Broker Configuring the Messaging Messaging Server Processes There are a variety of server processes devoted to application messaging. If you are not implementing the application messaging technology then you may skip through the delivered, default server processes. The delivered server processes are: †¢PSBRKDSP †¢PSBRKHND †¢PSPUBDSP †¢PSPUBHND †¢PSSUBDSP †¢PSSUBHND These server processes act as brokers, dispatchers, and handlers of the messages in your messaging system. For the purposes of this paper we will divide these into two categories: Dipatchers and Handlers. Configuring Messaging Servers in PSADMIN This section provides overviews of messaging server configuration, dispatcher parameters, and handler parameters. Understanding Messaging Server Configuration Once you create dedicated messaging servers, you must configure their dispatcher and handler processes so they boot when you start the application server. You configure these processes using PSADMIN just as you do any other server process that runs on the application server. Before you attempt to configure additional messaging server processes, you should be familiar with the other server processes that run on the application server. For more information, please see Peoplebooks Working With PSADMIN Menus. As stated earlier, two types of server processes comprise each messaging server: a dispatcher and a handler. Each process type requires you to set a different set of parameters. Most of the parameters are similar to other server processes, such as PSSAPPSRV, but some parameters are specific to messaging servers. Note. The following sections also apply to the _dflt messaging server processes. Only one parameter is different between a dedicated messaging server process and its _dflt counterpart: the Channels parameter, which enables you to add message channels to the channel list. The _dflt server processes can’t be associated with any specific message channel. Understanding Dispatcher Parameters There are three generic process types that are the basis for all dispatcher processes: †¢PSBRKDSP — the publication broker dispatcher. †¢PSPUBDSP — the publication contractor dispatcher. PSSUBDSP — the subscription contractor dispatcher. The following parameters apply to all three process types. Recycle Count Specifies the number of times each dispatcher process will be executed before being terminated (intentionally) by the system and then immediately restarted. Servers must be intermittently recycled to clear buffer areas. The time required to recycle a server is negl igible—occurring in milliseconds. Recycle Count does not translate into a native Tuxedo parameter in the PSAPPSRV. UBB file. Instead the value is stored in memory and is managed by the system. Allowed Consec Service Failures This option allows for dynamic server process restarts in the event of service failures. To enable this option, enter a number greater than zero, and to disable this option enter 0. The default value for this parameter is 2. The value you enter is the number of consecutive service failures that will cause a recycle of the server process. This is a catchall error handling routine that allows a dispatcher to terminate itself if it receives multiple, consecutive, fatal error messages from service routines. Such errors should not occur consecutively, but if they do it indicates that the server process needs to be recycled or cleansed. A â€Å"Retry† message appears when the number of service failures you specified occurs. Handler Status CheckcountHandler check count is used to determine how often the dispatcher should look to get the number of associated handlers. The value of Handler Status Checkcount is the number of cycles that the dispatcher will perform before reading the MIB and getting the number of associated handlers. This comes into play when the number of handlers change (add more, some crash etc. by having the proper count , the dispatcher can queue up messages to the handler more efficiently. Also if there are no handlers, then the dispatcher will not queue up any publications causing the application server log to fill up. For 8. 4 it is simply used to determine if there are any handlers, and if not don’t send the message to the handler. This is to eliminate a ny the informational messages in the appserv. log if the handlers are down. For 8. 42 it is used to merely look at see if any associated handler is booted. You read "Peoplesoft Messaging Server" in category "Essay examples" Going forward 8. 3 it will be used as one of the determinate of how much work should the dispatcher send out at one time. Scan IntervalSpecifies the number of seconds between scans of the work queue when idle. The scan interval is necessary to detect messages published from two-tier connections, because when a message is in the queue the broker server doesn’t receive a notice of the publication. A scan interval is required to make sure that two-tier messages get processed in a timely manner. The scan interval is analogous to the Process Scheduler polling the Process Request table. In addition, the scan interval detects messages that have been resubmitted after an error, for example. Decreasing the scan interval will decrease latency for two-tier publishes and error recovery Ping RateUsed for PSPUBDSP only. After this many seconds of inactivity, the server will scan the database queues and restart any stalled/crashed items. The scan rate and Ping rate (as percentage) will determine the actual interval for pinging any unavailable remote nodes (algorithm used: Attempts * Ping Rate * Scan Inteval). Maximum Ping IntervalThe maximum Ping Interval (in Hours) is the maximum interval between subsequent attempted pings of any unavailable remote nodes. Memory Queue Refresh Rate PeopleSoft Integration Broker maintains current asynchronous messaging queues in system memory for quick access. On rare occasions these cached queues can become corrupted, at which point they must be refreshed from the Integration Broker data tables. The likelihood and frequency of cache corruption depends on a combination of factors specific to your messaging system. If you need to periodically refresh the in-memory queues, you can use this parameter to tailor the frequency of the refresh to fit your situation. Each dispatcher on your system has its own queue. For each queue you set the rate equal to the number of dispatch attempts that must occur before the queue is refreshed. The refresh occurs only when the specified number of dispatch attempts is reached for a given message channel. For example, with a memory queue refresh rate of 8, multiple channels could have up to seven dispatch attempts each without triggering any refresh. The following settings are also significant: †¢A setting of 0 disables the refresh altogether. This is the default value. A setting of 1 triggers a refresh immediately after every dispatch attempt, effectively disabling memory caching. Restart Period Specifies the number of seconds between restart attempts on Started items in the work queue. An item which stays in Started state for more than a few seconds might be stalled — for example, the service request might have been lost, or the handler might have crashed. Decreasing the restart period will reduce the latency for recovering stalled items with a status of Started. However, under high load, items might stay in the Started state longer than normal for valid reasons — all the handlers might be busy, and the handler service request for the item might be queued at the Tuxedo level. Setting the restart period too low will result in redundant restarts — the dispatcher will dispatch the item again, even though the original request is still in the Tuxedo queue. A small number of extra restarts is benign, but at higher volumes, the unnecessary restarts can fill up the queue and block real requests. The formula for a reasonable value for the Restart Period is: ((incoming requests per second) / (# of handlers)) * (average processing time per request) For example, if you have an incoming rate of twenty per second, and you have four handlers, each handler will be busy processing one item and will have four others waiting in the queue. A new item will have to wait for the currently processing item, plus the four enqueued items, before it will be processed. If each item takes 10 seconds to process, the new item will stay in â€Å"started† status for approximately 50 seconds before the handler works on it. If it stays in â€Å"started† status longer, it’s likely that the request to the handler has been lost, and the item should be restarted. Understanding Handler Parameters There are three generic process types that are the basis for all handler processes: †¢PSBRKHND — the publication broker handler. †¢PSPUBHND — the publication contractor handler. †¢PSSUBHND — the subscription contractor handler. The following parameters apply to all three process types. Min Instances Specifies the number of handler server processes started at boot time. Max Instances Specifies the maximum number of handler server processes that can be started or spawned. Service Timeout Specifies the number of seconds a handlers waits for a service request before timing out. Service Timeouts are recorded in the TUXLOG and APPSRV. LOG. In the event of a timeout, the handler terminate itself and Tuxedo automatically restarts the process. Recycle Count Specifies the number of times the system executes each server before PeopleSoft intentionally terminates the process. Server processes must be intermittently recycled to clear buffer areas. The time required to recycle a server is negligible—occurring in milliseconds. Recycle Count does not translate into a native Tuxedo parameter in the PSAPPSRV. UBB file. Instead the value is stored in memory and is managed by PeopleSoft. Allowed Consec Service Failures This option allows for dynamic server process restarts in the event of service failures. To enable this option, enter a number greater than zero, and to disable this option enter 0. The default for this parameter is 2. The numerical value you enter is the number of consecutive service failures that will cause a recycle of the server process. This is a catchall error handling routine that allows a handler to terminate itself if it receives multiple, consecutive, fatal error messages from service routines. Such errors should not occur consecutively, but if they do it indicates that the server process needs to be recycled or cleansed. A â€Å"Retry† message appears when the number of service failures you specified occurs. Max Retries Specifies the maximum number of times the server should attempt to restart a failed action. This parameter prevents a bad item from continuously crashing a handler process — its counter is incremented when the handler sets the status to â€Å"working,† but before it actually starts processing the item. Understanding Integration Broker Parameters The following parameters applies to the Integration Broker technology. Min Message Size for Compression The Min Message Size for Compression parameter enables you to configure the threshold of message before the system compresses the message. Local Compression The integration engine compresses and base64 encodes messages destined for the PeopleSoft listening connector on its local integration gateway, based on a setting for the application server domain in the PSAPPSRV. CFG file, which you can configure using the PSADMIN utility. The setting is a threshold message size, above which messages will be compressed. PSADMIN presents the setting as follows: Values for config section – Integration Broker Min Message Size For Compression=10000 Do you want to change any values (y/n)? [n]: The value is the message size in bytes; the default value is 10000 (10 KB). You can specify a setting of 0 to compress all messages. See Understanding Application Server Domain Parameters. Note. This setting has no effect on the compression of messages that the integration gateway sends using its target connectors. Information Set Profiling information for both Sync and Async processing External Configuration Set External Configuration =Y if you run the Pub/Sub processes on a different domain then where the appserver processes are run for PIA/ PORTAL. This will enhance the Integration Broker performance for Asynchronous processing Minimum and Recommended Values. Specific application server tuning needs vary by customer site based on volume and server capacity. Requests for tuning issues and assistance should be addressed to Peoplesoft Consulting. However, some specific information is available below: PSAPPSRV should have a minimum of 3 instances booted when starting Pub/Sub. PSBRKDSP/HND settings should be sized up. A minumum of 3 instances should be used for all application messaging scenarios. For one particular customer I recommend increasing the PSBRKHND settings to 10/10. Same with the PUB and SUB handler settings: set min/max of 10/10. Other customers have used as many as 20 instances for PSSUBHND. This is generally a tuning issue, and settings vary greatly from site to site. Recycle count: For dispatchers this should always be 0. For Handlers this can be 0, or reduced based on need. A single handler is restarting itself after this number services (this is not the number messages, but the number of calls from the tuxedo service). Setting this too low can create performance problems. When a service recycles itelf, all requests must wait for the handler to come back up and re-submit. It is generally recommended using 0 for this value. Otherwise a high number like 100,000 is recommended unless memory problems are encountered in which case this value can be lowered. Restart Period. Since restart period controls how long before a started item will be resubmitted, dispatcher requests may be resubmitting themselves over and over again resulting in a higher queue number. This can be adjusted by changing Restart Period=5 to a higher number. Customers will need to play with this and monitor results, but setting this to 120 would be better than the delivered 5 second interval, especially when using a lower value recycle count. How to cite Peoplesoft Messaging Server, Essay examples

Situation Analysis of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch

Introduction Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch is one of the most innovative products that Samsung Corporation has ever produced in the market. According to Butow (56), this Smartwatch was introduced into the market on September 4, 2013 with high expectations that it would be a success.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Situation Analysis of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The product will occupy a special niche that currently has Sony, LG, and Apple as the main players. It offers many applications to the users. Besides telling time, this product also issues updates from phones via Bluetooth, takes photos, initiates calls, counts steps, records voices, and some have the capacity to make or receive calls. Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch has been introduced into a market where there are other strong competitors with similar products. Some of the companies that produce Smartwatch include Apple, LG, and S ony. This firm will depend on its strong brand to penetrate the market (Boutellier 56). Samsung has been able to develop various marketing strategies in the recent past that has endeared it to its customers. Products of this company are spread across many industries. Some of the main products from this firm include phones, computers, television sets, music systems, cameras, and watches (Booker 119). The recent introduction of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch is a demonstration of this innovativeness. This product has not only been considered superior to other existing brands of watches, but also one that offers consumers a lot of value. However, the firm must be ready to deal with market forces that will affect its normal operations (Stevenson 45). In order to understand these external factors in the market, a situation analysis using PESTEL model would be appropriate. Situation Analysis Following the introduction of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch in the market on September 4, 2013, the managem ent of this firm must understand some of the external forces that will affect its operations. Situation analysis helps in understanding the external environmental factors of a firm. Understand these factors always make it possible for the management to come up with measures through which negative factors can be controlled while positive factors can be maximize in order to ensure that the firm is successful (Aaker 71). The decision to introduction Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch is a brilliant strategy that can enable this firm to achieve success in this market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the success can only be achieved if the management is able to work within the forces in the external environment of this business. The following are some of the factors that should be considered by this firm to ensure that it remains successful in the market. Technological Factors S amsung Galaxy Gear Watch is a product of technological changes and inventions in the market. It is a clear demonstration of the power of the emerging technologies in the electronics market. Emerging technologies are introducing new products and new marketing methods. A firm should be able to understand these forces and define a way of dealing with them. As Henioe (60) says, technology is so dynamic that it forces firms to devise means of identifying changes as soon as they take place in the market. Ability to understand these changes early enough will always determine success of a firm in this industry. This new product will be affected by technological environment in various ways. Some of the positive technological factors that this new product will benefit from include the ease in advertising using the social media such as Facebook, Tweeter, and YouTube (Schneider 73). These new means of advertising brought about by the emerging technologies will offer this product a unique market ing platform in the global market. Samsung can use these platforms to pass marketing information across the world. The approach will enable this firm reach a wide market within a very short time, and with limited resources. According to (Simerson 20) this firm stands to benefit from electronic marketing that has been brought about by technology. Electronic marketing offer this company an opportunity to sell its products to the market without the need to have physical retail stores. When used appropriately, the strategy would reduce the cost of delivering the products to the customers. It is important to appreciate the fact that technology also comes with challenges that must be dealt with by this firm. In this industry, there is a high rate of copying successful products in the market using sophisticated technological tools (Griffin 48). The marketing team must be able to deal with such new market entrants. Another negative impact that this firm may face due to the emerging technolo gies is the exposure its products will have to the rival companies such as Apple and Sony. According to Bhattacharjee (73), the exposure will make it easy for these rival firms to determine what makes the product unique in the market. Legal and Regulatory Factors The management of Samsung must be very sensitive of the legal environment when introducing Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch. The law will always protect this firm in order to enjoy maximum benefits in the market. The law must also be clear in stating its responsibilities to the government, customers, other firms, and any other stakeholder who may be related to the firm in one way or the other (Roberts 91).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Situation Analysis of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Counterfeit and intellectual property laws will help the firm in fighting companies or unscrupulous business people who may try to copy the tech nology that was used in developing Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch (Hoffman 89). This law will help the firm to ensure that this product is not counterfeited in any part of the global market. This will increase the product’s profitability. The law will also define the relationship that this firm will have with its competitors in the market (Clarke 116). It will specify the duration within which the competitors may not use this technology to produce a similar product as a way of making Samsung benefit from its own inventions. The management of this firm should also understand its responsibilities as presented by the law. Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch should be an original product that does not contravene the set laws and regulations regarding copyright laws. The firm will also be expected to manage its emissions within the legal levels (Homua 71). Governments across the world have specific level of emission that a firm is permitted to operate within, per day, week, or in a year. Samsung has the responsibility of operating within these limits when producing this new watch. It is also important for this company to ensure that its operations do not contravene regulatory measures put by individual countries where it has subsidiary branches. Such regulatory laws defining taxation it should pay, and any other responsibility that may be assigned to it should be observed to enhance prosperity of the firm (Clarke 116). Social and Cultural Factors According to Jorgensen (39), the changing tastes and lifestyle in the society have a strong impact in defining buyer behavior in the market. Lifestyle is always defined by cultural practices in a given community. A firm must understand cultural practices of a given community in order to devise appropriate marketing approach that can be used. Understanding the social and cultural environment would help a firm develop an appropriate marketing program that would be suitable in specific regions of operations. Samsung has a global mark et coverage. The marketing strategy that is successful in the United States or Europe may not work in Saudi Arabia or South Africa. The management of this firm must understand each market, determine cultural practices, and come up with the most appropriate method of communicating to this market about Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The world is turning into a global village due to developments brought about by technology cultural practices still vary to great extents. As such, Samsung must treat each market as a unique entity that must be targeted with unique marketing approaches. This way, it would be easy to introduce this product into the global market successfully. Lifestyle and values may affect the success of this product in the market. Most of those who will be buying these watches will be attracted to some of the new features it offers besides just telling time (Rama 82). Economic Factors The management of this firm should understand the economic environment in order to achieve the desired success. The level of economy would always determine the purchasing power of the market in a particular country. The United States has remained the most attractive market for firms in various sectors because of the purchasing power of its people. When introducing Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch, the management of this firm must determine the capacity of the market to buy this product. It is important to note that this product is categorized as ostentatious good. It is meant to offer some status to its users (Ruskin-Brown 67). For this reason, members of higher social class would be the target market for this product. In determining the market entry strategy and expansion, it would be appropriate to target the markets with the highest population falling under this category. Most of the electronic firms have always preferred the United States as the market to introduce their product first. This firm can then move to the European markets. Selected markets in Asia such as Japan and China can also be given priority when selecting the appropriate market to be targeted with this product (Shanker 115). Expansion can then be extended to other Asian countries and Africa, especially when the product life cycle of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch approaches maturity. Most of the major economies around the world have fu lly recovered from the 2009 economic recession (Srinivasan 128). The United States, China, Japan, and various European countries have experienced increased economic growth over the last two years. This means that the purchasing power of people in this region is also high. Samsung should take advantage of this and increase its market coverage in these regions. Some of the economic issues that this firm should focus on are employment in specific regions, inflation, and disposable income. Employment will always determine the purchasing power of the market. Inflation devalues the currency, making the product appear expensive. This would reduce sales of the product. Disposable income would determine the amount people would be willing to spend on this new product. Competitive Factors Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch is going to face serious competition in the market from others players following its introduction into the market on September 4, 2013. Some of the industry giants have large market shares in this industry, and command loyalty in the global market (Wenderoth 78). Top brands such as Apple, Sony, and LG have also been actively engaged in marketing their Smartwatch in a market that is very competitive. Samsung will be trying to eat into the market share of these large firms in the global market. This may not be easy because these competitors are watching every move made by Samsung with this new product. The competition in the market is already intense, and the introduction of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch would only make it stiffer. The kind of competition in this industry can be described as perfect competitive market. This is confirmed by the entry of various firms into the industry without any restrictions, including Samsung with its new Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch. In the recent times, there have been major market entries especially that made by Samsung with this new Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch. Market exits have been rare in this industry because it is a relatively n ew industry (Wenderoth 131). Conclusion The introduction of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch into the market on September 4, 2013 has stiffen competition in this industry, especially given that Apple, Sony, and LG also have similar products in the market. The marketing team employs appropriate marketing strategies in the global market. To do this, the management would need to understand the external environment that would affect introduction of this product into the market. Technological, legal, social, economic, and competitive environmental factors should be analyzed in order to determine the ability of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch to be successful in the market. Works Cited Aaker, David. Developing Business Strategies. New York: Wiley, 2001. Print. Bhattacharjee, Charles. Services marketing: Concepts, planning and implementation. New Delhi: Excel Books, 2006. Print. Booker, James. Financial-planning fundamentals. Toronto: CCH Canadian Limited, 2006. Print. Boutellier, Richard. Managing Glo bal Innovation: Uncovering the Secrets of Future Competitiveness. Berlin: Springer, 2008. Print. Butow, Eric. My Samsung Galaxy Tab 3. New York: Que Publishing, 2013. Print. Clarke, George. Marketing a service for profit: A practical guide to key service marketing concepts. London: Kogan Page, 2000. Print. Griffin, Daniel. Business with a purpose: Starting, building, managing and protecting your new business. Denver: Outskirts Press, 2010. Print. Henioe, Andrew. Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Hoffman, Kennedy. Essentials of services marketing. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, 2002. Print. Homua, Gibson. Services marketing: Concepts, strategies cases. New York: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Jorgensen, Andrew. The food service professionals guide: 365 secrets revealed. Lauderhill: Atlantic Publishing Group, 2002. Print. Rama, Moses. Services marketing. New Delhi: Pearson, 2011. Print. Roberts, Bryan. Walmart: Key Insights an d Practical Lessons from the World’s Largest Retailer. London: Kogan Page, 2012. Print. Ruskin-Brown, Ian. Marketing your service business. London: Thorogood, 2005. Print. Schneider, George. Electronic commerce. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Shanker, Ronald. Services marketing: The Indian perspective : text and readings. New Delhi: Excel Books, 2002. Print. Simerson, Benard. Strategic planning: A practical guide to strategy formulation and execution. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2011. Print. Srinivasan, Richard. Services marketing: The Indian context. New Delhi: PHI Learning, 2012. Print. Stevenson, Lawrence. Power Retail: Winning Strategies from Chapters and Other Leading Retailers in Canada. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1999. Print. Wenderoth, Monica. Particularities in the Marketing Mix for Service Operations. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2009. Print. This report on Situation Analysis of Samsung Galaxy Gear Watch was written and submitted by user Kas0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

They Probably Know More Than You Think! Essays - Privacy

They Probably Know More Than You Think! Essays - Privacy They Probably Know More Than You Think! They Probably Know More Than You Think! Privacy and freedom are extremely valued in our society, and are to some extent legally guaranteed rights by the constitution. Rapid advances in technology, in conjunction with compelling motives to use this technology to control and exploit aspects of human life in general, as well as the workplace, make urgent the question of what uses of the technology should be permitted. This is a tough questions, but if businesses would realize that their employees are the reason that they stay in business then they would not have to violate the privacy rights of people. Employees and companies need to work together to get past the employer/employee tension that makes employees steal etc..., and employers put up surveillance equipment etc... However there may only be 1 out of 50 employees stealing so does this justify the surveillance or the other 49 (WRAC 420)? What about every day life? Would you want to have lists of everything about you concocted and put on computer databases for the whole world to know? There really is a serious problem with the violation of individual privacy today. From the workplace, to buying a vacuum and becoming part of a mailing list, to the stress that lack of privacy causes people, no one is safe from, big brother. No one likes to have someone sit over them and watch all the time, and no one likes to be watched when they don't even know about it. Without probable cause that one committed a crime no one has the right to deprive the right of privacy to another, whether it be by selling names to a mailing list or cameras watching every move they make while in the office. In the workplace there has been an ongoing battle over what employers may do to monitor employees. The work place isn't a place where you can expect the privacy of your own home. However no one should have to be subjected to having their e-mail read or constantly being monitored by cameras. Westin believes that any business that wants to survive in this service oriented environment is going to have to be concerned about the quality of service that is delivered through the telecommunications and database oriented interface with the consumer (Westin 458). These kinds of surveillance create a stressful situation and are a distracting means of employer surveillance evidence of this in his essay: 43 percent of monitored employees said that they suffered a loss of feeling in their fingers and wrists, while only 27 percent of unmonitored employees complained of high tension as opposed to 67 percent of unmonitored workers (Whalen 436). The damage done by a few corrupt or unprofessional execu tives is far greater than somebody taking a little too long for a coffee break (Whalen 436). In the work place a happy medium should be reached between employer/employee, such as a reward system for honesty and quality work instead of driving employees crazy with unneeded surveillance equipment. The undue stress put on people by new technology is inexcusable. People don't like to feel like they are being looked at, and when they do feel this way it causes stress both psychological and physical (Whalen 436). This really isn't a problem in grocery stores or gas stations where surveillance is needed to keep customers from stealing, but more in the office setting where the employee may feel like Big Brother, is waiting to pounce on even the most minor mistake. This stress that is caused makes employees less productive, and leaves people out and about in everyday life checking their behavior so they won't get caught on tape doing or saying something that could later be misconstrued and held against them. The solution to this is that there need to be limits on how that kind of technology is used, (Whalen 437). Also the stress factor needs to be recognized as the overall negative thing it is and that it should be avoided. How do you feel when you mail order something, and then receive every bit of junk mail that is even closely related to what you ordered? This is only the tip of the iceberg (Glastonbury

Sarah Parker Remond, African American Abolitionist

Sarah Parker Remond, African American Abolitionist Known for: African American abolitionist, women’s rights advocate Dates: June 6, 1826 – December 13, 1894 About Sarah Parker Remond Sarah Parker Remond was born in 1826 in Salem, Massachusetts.   Her maternal grandfather, Cornelius Lenox, fought in the American Revolution. Sarah Remond’s mother, Nancy Lenox Remond, was a baker who married John Remond.   John was a Curaà §aon immigrant and hairdresser who became a citizen of the United States in 1811, and he became active in the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society in the 1830s.   Nancy and John Remond had at least eight children. Family Activism Sarah Remond had six sisters. Her older brother, Charles Lenox Remond, became an antislavery lecturer, and influenced Nancy, Caroline and Sarah, among the sisters, to become active in anti-slavery work.   They belonged to the Salem Female Anti-Slavery Society, founded by black women including Sarah’s mother in 1832. The Society hosted prominent abolitionist speakers, including William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Williams. The Remond children attended public schools in Salem, and experienced discrimination because of their color.   Sarah was refused admission to Salem’s high school. The family moved to Newport, Rhode Island, where the daughters attended a private school for African American children. In 1841, the family returned to Salem. Sarah’s much-older brother Charles attended the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London with others including William Lloyd Garrison, and was among the American delegates who sat in the gallery to protest the refusal of the convention to seat women delegates including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.   Charles lectured in England and Ireland, and in 1842, when Sarah was sixteen, she lectured with her brother in Groton, Massachusetts. Sarahs Activism When Sarah attended a performance of the opera Don Pasquale at the Howard Athenaeum in Boston in 1853 with some friends, they refused to leave a section reserved for whites only.   A policeman came to eject her, and she fell down some stairs.   She then sued in a civil suit, winning five hundred dollars and an end to segregated seating at the hall. Sarah Remond met Charlotte Forten in 1854 when Charlotte’s family sent her to Salem where the schools had become integrated. In 1856, Sarah was thirty, and was appointed an agent touring New York to lecture on behalf of the American Anti-Slavery Society with Charles Remond, Abby Kelley and her husband Stephen Foster, Wendell Phillips, Aaron Powell, and Susan B. Anthony. Living in England In 1859 she was in Liverpool, England, lecturing in Scotland, England and Ireland for two years.   Her lectures were quite popular. She included in her lectures references to the sexual oppression of women who were enslaved, and how such behavior was in the economic interest of the enslavers. She visited William and Ellen Craft while in London. When she tried to get a visa from the American legate to visit France, he claimed that under the Dred Scott decision, she was not a citizen and thus he could not grant her a visa. The next year, she enrolled in college in London, continuing her lectures during school holidays. She remained in England during the American Civil War, participating in efforts to persuade the British not to support the Confederacy.   Great Britain was officially neutral, but many feared that their connection to the cotton trade would mean they’d support the Confederate insurrection. She supported the blockade that the United States put up to prevent goods reaching or leaving the rebelling states. She became active in the Ladies’ London Emancipation Society. At the end of the war, she raised funds in Great Britain to support the Freedman’s Aid Association in the United States. As the Civil War was ending, Great Britain faced a rebellion in Jamaica, and Remond wrote in opposition to British harsh measures to end the rebellion, and accused the British of acting like the United States. Return to the United States Remond returned to the United States, where she joined with the American Equal Rights Association to work for equal suffrage for women and African Americans. Europe and Her Later Life She returned to England in 1867, and from there traveled to Switzerland and then moved to Florence, Italy.   Not much is known of her life in Italy.   She married in 1877; her husband was Lorenzo Pintor, an Italian man, but the marriage apparently did not last long. She may have studied medicine. Frederick Douglass refers to a visit with the Remonds, probably including Sarah and two of her sisters, Caroline and Maritche, who also moved to Italy in 1885.   She died in Rome in 1894 and was buried there in the Protestant cemetery.

Colony Collapse Disorder Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Colony Collapse Disorder - Case Study Example Some of the European countries have observed this phenomenon in alarming numbers whereas some have observed this phenomenon in fewer quantities. Colony collapse disorder is a serious economic concern to the countries particularly to the agricultural countries because bees play a major role in the pollination of pollen grains of the various plants and crops. Bees play a major role in the reproduction of many plants and crops in the forests and due to colony collapse disorder this phenomenon of reproduction has been badly affected. Researchers and scientists are really worried over this rapidly increasing phenomenon of vanishing bees and many researches have been conducted in order to find the real cause behind this phenomenon, but the research teams have not been able to find any major reason for this. Many possibilities have been presented and tested for verification but only a few of the theories related to the cause of CDD have been verified. Though persistent researches many reaso ns have been discovered which are leading to the colony collapse disorder. ... The various reasons that have been found out as the cause of colony collapse disorder are malnutrition, pathogens like Varroa, Nosema, viral and fungal infections combined, pesticides, insecticides, antibiotics, miticides, neonicotinoids, genetically varied crops, variations in migration of the bees, electromagnetic radiations from the cell phones, parasites, pests,, harmful chemicals, destructions of habitats, lack of genetic biodiversity, toxins and poisonous gases in the air, the way the bees are kept, pathogens, extreme climatic conditions, mites, diseases related to honey bees, etc. (Ellis, University of Florida & Florida Cooperative Extension Service, 2007). It is of great concern for the scientists that the insecticides and pesticides used for the protection of the plants and crops from parasites and pests are having a very bad and adverse effect on the environment and the useful insects and living organisms. It has been observed that although these insecticides and pesticides do not kill the organism rather these chemicals impair the abilities and senses of the organisms and eventually the organism will behave absurdly and this will affect the entire eco system. One such pesticide is the neonicotinoids, which belongs to the class of neuro-active insecticides. These insecticides contain the chemical imidacloprid and other such chemicals. These chemical affect the nervous system of the insects, it is found out that these chemicals affect the brain and neurons of the honey bee and disables the sense of directions in the honey bee as a result of which they are unable to reach back to their homes. A research was carried out by scientists in which around twenty hives were considered and each hive was given high fructose corn syrup in different quantities in order to

LOVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LOVE - Essay Example According to More’s work, love influences the duties assigned to individuals in different fields in life. In support of this assertion, More expounds on how love make men accept women to be assigned light duties (Barnet and Bedau 464). It is out of love that women are spared from things that can affect them in life. In connection with this, More also claims that Stewards ensure people work to earn a living but do not wear them out by keeping them at work for long hours. That is, the practice of humanity as a result of love make people save other people from problems since charity begins from home (Barnet and Bedau 468). In his work, More also argued that it is bad to deprive other people pleasure so that you can enjoy it yourself. According to him, depriving oneself pleasure for other person’s enjoyment portrays one’s humanity (Barnet and Bedau 468). In addition to this, More asserts that taking care of patients and providing them with what they need for recovery is a product of love (Barnet and Bedau 473). In tandem with More’s argument, the poem â€Å"Love is Sickness† presents love in a unique way. The metaphor â€Å"love is a sickness† shows that the modern society compares love to the sickness that affects the patient (a person in love). From the claim, it is apparent that love has symptoms, and it can be diagnosed. The poem also claims that love is full of uncontrollable woes.

Why we no longer need the traditional calendar :: essays papers

Why we no longer need the traditional calendar For over a century North American students have been following a traditional calendar, nine months in school, followed by three months out of school. In more recent times, many schools have been converting to a year-round calendar. Reasons for this include a wide variety of things, ranging from helping the overcrowding in schools, to increasing learning, as well as for the simple reason that we no longer need the traditional calendar. In the article, Effects of school calendars on student achievement and retention, Woodward states how early on, â€Å"farming was the primary source of income for families, and everyone in the family was obligated to help†¦school calendars were scheduled to revolve around the harvesting and planting of crops.†(1). These days, farming is no longer the main occupation in North America, and therefore there is no need to continue to use the traditional calendar if this is not the best way to increase education. The question asked here is, i s it the best way? If so, why are so many schools turning to year-round education? In Vital Speeches of the Day, Charles Ballinger suggests, â€Å"The growth continues because parents and educators question the wisdom of using a school calendar that interrupts formal education for three months at a time, is not educationally-sound, and was designed for yesterday's society.† In this paper, traditional calendars and year-round calendars will be looked at, and discussed, with quotes, by people who have been directly affected by both. The purpose of this research paper is to compare the effectiveness of year-round education and traditional schooling with respect to student learning, knowledge retention and development. What exactly does year-round education entail? Advocates for year-round schooling are convinced that, yes, this is the way to better education in this country, but typically people do not understand what year-round education is. People are quick to assume that this means spending more days in school, but the actual term in the thesaurus notes that year-round schools are, â€Å"schools that operate year-round but have no increased the number of days students must attend† (ERIC database). â€Å"Year-round calendars often begin the academic year in early August†¦45 days in school, followed by 15 days of vacation time (Shields and Oberg 4). Notice, the authors said often, because there are many slight variations of the year-round calendar.

Pshe and drug education

PSHE and Drug Education – why bother? Does it truly hold impact? Introduction â€Å"The nexus between educational criterions and the wellbeing of kids and immature people is good proven and PSHE Education offers a important path to beef uping this relationship.† DCSF and Ofsted, ( 2008 ) : Indexs of a School ‘s Contributions to Well-Being – audience papers, www.Ofsted.gov.uk/ofsted-home/consultations ( accessed June 28th 2009 ) â€Å"PSHE Education is progressively seen as a cardinal precedence for betterment for any effectual school and underpins effectual learning.† Healthy Schools, ( 2008 ) , PSHE instruction Guidance, pg 51 With quotation marks like these from such influential national organic structures the educationally naive may be excused for presuming that PSHE ( Personal, Social, Health, Education ) enjoys a high profile and influential being throughout the English schools ‘ system, when – in my experience – the fact is that in many schools ; particularly secondary schools, it could non be much further from the truth. These positive and apparently radical sentiments as outlined by Ofsted and Healthy Schools must certainly go forth many of us inquiring why the topic of PSHE is frequently misunderstood and unmarked, as demonstrated in the undermentioned Ofsted determination. â€Å"Too many schools do non establish their PSHE course of study sufficiently on the students ‘ assessed demands. The country recruits few instructors with straight relevant makings to learn PSHE. Many schools focus narrowly on measuring students ‘ cognition instead than finding the impact of their PSHE proviso on bettering students ‘ attitudes and skills.† Ofsted ( 2007 ) Time for Change pg The recent Joint Area Review ( JAR ) study for the local authorization in which I work reflects national Ofsted findngs and provinces that the authorization should â€Å"Ensure that a high precedence is given to personal, societal and wellness instruction ( PSHE ) in schools† . ( **** ) The aforesaid quotation marks clearly illustrate the strife between identified ‘best pattern ‘ and ‘current pattern ‘ re-inforcing my ain professional experiences in the universe of PSHE. These quotes merely nibble into the iceberg of struggle evident throughout the paradox of PSHE. Even the topic ‘s name can do confusion ; Personal, Social, Health Education ( PSHE ) in Primary schools, sometimes with the add-on of Citizenship, and Personal, Social, Health and Economic Education ( PSHE Education ) in our secondary schools. For the intent of this reappraisal I refer to the topic as PSHE. PSHE includes an array of subjects runing from healthy eating to the acknowledgment of feelings and emotions. In my function of PSHE Curriculum Consultant with a remit for back uping the National Healthy Schools Programme ( NHSP – a Government funded Education and Health Initiative ) I read many publications and paperss produced by influential national organic structures such as the DCSF ( Department for Children, Schools and Families ) , Ofsted ( Office for Standards in Education ) , Healthy Schools and QCDA ( Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency – officially QCA ) . It is non until I reflect upon the overplus of documents and schemes published by these administrations that the common docket and alliance between them becomes evident. The paperss and publications produced by the aforesaid organic structures form the footing of my professional function. The bulk of what I believe, say, do and advance can be traced back to these seminal publications. However when a senior member of a cardinal drug bureau in the Local Authority informed me that they do non put in Drug Education because although there is grounds to back up development in students ‘ attitudes and cognition, there is no grounds to back up that there is any positive behavioral alteration I was spurred on to look into further. Throughout this piece of work I will be explicitly analyzing the function and topographic point of Drug Education both within and outside of PSHE. I intend to take a expression at some of the history, developments and doctrines which underpin Drug Education in the hope of detecting whether there is grounds to back up the belief that it can so hold a positive impact upon the attitudes and behaviors of immature peoplvitamin E. I will see how best pattern ; as promoted by Government organic structures supports and/or contradicts my findings. I endeavor to critically measure several of the most noteworthy Drug Education Programmes used in schools across the universe, foregrounding their chief characteristics, survey methods and consequences. Background to Drug Education Policies and political orientations environing Drug Education have emerged, declined, altered and developed over a figure of old ages. Some of the major mileposts around drugs and Drug Education have been ; 1988 Introduction of the National Curriculum, 1995 Government scheme Undertaking Drugs Together- with the add-on of Drug Prevention in Schools Drug Education Curriculum Guidance for Schools 4/95, 1998 Undertaking Drugs to Construct a Better Britain and the corresponding papers Dfee: Protecting immature people ; Good Practice in Drug Education in Schools and the Youth Service, 2002 Hidden Harm, 2004 Drugs: Guidance for Schools – which schools should be utilizing as their current mention stuff. 2008 saw the Drugs and Entitlement for all Review ***** The debut of the National Curriculum in 1988 ensured that Drug Education was on the instruction agenda – non prioritized through PSHE as it is today, but as portion of the Core Science Curriculum. Drug Education has a checked history. Its focal point and precedences have been capable to alter depending upon political dockets – it is non difficult to understand that mensurating its impact is a complex undertaking. Through the 1970s until the present twenty-four hours the major attacks taken towards Drug Education in the UK have been:Scare tactics – the ‘just say no attack as made popular by the Grange Hill castInformation based instruction which aims to give indifferent existent information about Drugs and Drug EducationSelf authorization instruction which aims to hike self esteem, assertiveness and determination devising accomplishments, and increased belief in personal involvement and controlSituational instruction which acknowledges the societal context of and influences on personal picks around drug pickingsThe cultural attack which favours a broader context of the life accomplishments learning, acknowledges the influences of the place communities and work and on lifestyle and behaviorO'Connor. L, O'Connor. D, Best. R ( 1998 ) pg 65 Even though many of these attacks are ‘out-dated ‘ and non deemed ‘best-practice ‘ they are frequently apparent in the schools in which I work, either used in isolation, but more frequently used in combination. Back in the early 1990s Swadi had already indicated that at that place needed to be a â€Å"rethink of bar schemes with a move off from the didactic instructional methods presently employed and the acceptance of a holistic attack towards the issue of wellness and behavior in adolescents.† ( Swadi. H, ( 1992 ) Approachs to Drug Education D.A.R.E – America Possibly one of the most well-known and widely used Drug Education programmes is the American DARE ( Drug Abuse Resistance Education ) . Established in 1983 DARE has subdivisions in many states including the UK. They province that the programme is implemented in over 75 % of America ‘s school territories and in 43 states around the universe ( see www.dare.com ) , although I could happen no independent grounds to back up this, my findings being shared with Skager. R Pg 578. Harmonizing to the DARE web-site students taking portion in their programme are 5 times less likely to get down smoke than students who had non taken portion in their programme. They go on to state that â€Å"DARE instructors kids how to defy peer force per unit area and unrecorded drug free productive lives† . Highly successful claims, nevertheless there are several self-contradictory issues which arise from this. Independent ratings of the original DARE programme found no grounds in intoxicant and dr ug usage decrease, with one survey demoing a higher prevalence among suburban young person. Lynman et Al ( 1999 ) have besides drawn similar findings. Skager continued to assume similar findings in a ( pg 578 of R skager ) 10-year followup of DARE students. Interestingly DARE ‘s place of Drug Prevention goes against the UK Government Drugs: Guidance for Schools 2004 papers. DARE ‘s stance on taking ‘Drug free lives ‘ is basically floored in the drug taking society is which we live. Following this statement it could be that the publicity of ill-informed and misconceived Drug Prevention programmes such as DARE undermine other grounds based enterprises and UK Government funded preparation programmes and course of studies. Interestingly DARE receives much of its support through the constabulary governments and from receives funding from â€Å"special mandates attached to measures passed by the congress.† Pg 578 R Shager. It is evaluated outside of any authorities control, which makes it progressively hard for people such as myself to give it a big sum acceptance. Life Skills Training ( LST ) – America Life Skills Training is another popular Drug Education Programme developed in America over the last 20 old ages and delivered through the school system. Although it considers itself to be a bar programme, it acknowledges the fact that its chief intent is to cut down prevalence. It is based on a multi-component design and incorporates information and cognition, normative outlooks, opposition schemes along with determination devising, job resolution and analyzing techniques, societal accomplishments, and schemes to acknowledge and get by with choler and defeat. This is really much in-tune with the UK ‘s current ‘best-practice counsel ‘ . Supporting the multi-component design is besides the belief that bringing should besides take a assortment of signifiers runing from didactic, to group treatments and presentations – all with a strong focal point on accomplishments developing. The programme is intended to be delivered by the category teacher although several su ppliers have altered the programme theoretical account for it to be delivered by external suppliers or equal pedagogues. This draws a analogue to much of the work in which I am involved. Several surveies have shown that the Life Skills Training method demonstrates success, non merely on students ‘ cognition and attitudes, but most significantly upon their drug related behaviors. In 1980 a smoke bar programme taking the LST attack demonstrated that there was a 75 % decrease in the figure of new coffin nail tobacco users ( vol24 pg 253 **** ) compared to the control group. However this was measured on immediate consequence, the programme took topographic point in merely one school together with a comparable control school. Long term surveies have taken topographic point demoing positive long-run effects of LST. A 6 twelvemonth randomized survey took topographic point with pupils from 56 public schools in New York. Schools were indiscriminately assigned to bar and control conditions. The instructors presenting the programme were trained and there was a structured programme which started in the 7th class. Consequences showed that 12th class students that took porti on reported significantly reduced heavy smoke, along with fewer smoke in the last hebdomad, or during the last month. The survey demonstrated no effects upon imbibing frequence, but significantly fewer bar students reported acquiring rummy one or more times a month, compared with the control group. Fidelity to the programme was seen to be an of import factor. Positive findings so, the attack supports much good pattern as stated in the Drugs: Guidance for Schools 2004 and is in-line with Healthy Schools recommendations, unluckily this is another illustration of a deficiency of independent research. Statisticss on findings were gathered and analyzed by a squad of researches that included Botvin – the originator behind the development of the LST attack. So can the findings truly show objectiveness? LST appears on several lists of ‘scientifically proven ‘ programmes which are validated by American Government organic structures. Ganghi et Al ( pg 579 replacing ineffective†¦.. ) concludes that â€Å"few studies showed significant impact, and even fewer surveies showed significant impact at longer follow-ups† . It ‘s My Choice – Norge It ‘s My Choice undertaking is a multi-component school based Drug Prevention programme aimed at students from the ages of 6 – 15. Its primary aim is to act upon pupils at the primary school degree in a positive way in order to detain the age of coffin nail and intoxicant introduction. It takes an attitude-building attack which supports the impression that early influences can forestall kids and immature people from utilizing drugs. The theory underpinning the programme is that interior personal strength better enables immature people to do positive picks for themselves. LST promotes a spiraling course of study where content is tailored to run into the demands of students. The programme considers that the school ‘s attack to instruction influences the students ‘ attitudes and self -esteem and seeks to construct positively on this. This is evocative of the UK Drug: Guidance for Schools 2004 which states that â€Å"Drug bar purposes to: †¦delay the age of oncoming of first use†¦Drug Education should †¦develop students ‘ personal and societal accomplishments to do informed determinations and maintain themselves safe and healthy, including: developing self-awareness and self-esteem†¦.† ( pg 18 ) The UK Guidance for schools besides promotes a coiling attack and promote Drug Education non to been viewed in isolation but as portion of a whole school attack, where accomplishments are movable and inter-related, used – where applicable in a cross-curricular mode. Although merely measured over the short-run consequences show that â€Å"70 % of pupils at the intercession schools say that they have ne'er tried intoxicant without an grownup nowadays, while the figure for the control schools is 40 % . 56 % of pupils at intercession schools say that they have ne'er been bullied, while the corresponding figure for the control schools is 28 % . 20 % of pupils from intercession schools say that they compliment others rather frequently, while the figure for the control schools was 6 % .† Web-site ******* . The consequences point to many positive effects of the programme including increased self-pride, empathy and a better relationship with the other pupils. Whilst this is no incontestable long-run grounds for decreased Drug usage, these accomplishments are clearly related to legion protective factors highlighted in Hidden Harm ( 2003? ) and could ensue in cut downing hazards to many kids and immature people. Blue Print Programme The Blue Print Programme was the largest and most recent multi-component, research-based Drug Education Study in England. Funded by the Home Office, The Department of Health and the Department for Education and Skills ( now the Department for Children, Schools and Families ) its purpose was to â€Å"design, present and measure an evidence-based drug bar programme.† ( pg 21 2007 stirling rating ) Prevention in this instance had been defined as â€Å"slowing the normal rate of addition in population-based usage prevalence rates of baccy, intoxicant, dissolvers and hemp during early adolescence, and cut downing the injury to self and others originating from the usage of these substances.† ( Reference a nexus to it for farther info ) Basically the programme aimed to: â€Å"reduce the figure of immature people utilizing drugs ; detain the oncoming of drug usage ; minimise the injury caused by drugs ; and enable those who had concerns about drug usage to seek help.† At first glimpse the survey methods appear robust, with 30 schools ab initio taking portion ( one school subsequently dropped out ) 24 schools presenting the Drug Education programme and 6 comparing schools. Criteria for choice were set out and applied in a systematic manor. Selection besides took history of the Index for Multiple Deprivation. ( A more elaborate history of this can be found at pg 23 stirling study ) . The constituents doing up the programme were: Teacher preparation 15 ten 50 infinitesimal Drug Education Lessons ( 10 in Yr 7 and 5 in year 8 ) , Schools Drug Adviser support Parent accomplishments workshops and stuffs including a parent magazine which was to promote communicating between parents and kids Media coverage and support A Health component which targeted retail merchants of intoxicant, baccy and dissolvers A community constituent – which appears to hold been far less structured and focused than the other elements. There was no lead contractor for this portion of the programme and available information appears rather obscure. A immense array of persons and bureaus were traping much hope upon the Blue Prints Programme. It had been developed utilizing a wealth of anterior information and research, it cost a batch of money ( reportedly around ?6 million ) and took many old ages to plan, implement and evaluate ; but it does look to hold had several floors from the beginning. Many people ( including myself ) were anticipating that this programme would supply a unequivocal manner frontward for Drug Education ; but it appears that from the really get downing it could merely of all time be an geographic expedition of trail conditions ; it could non be unequivocal. ( Raabet Al. 2002 ) concluded that a unequivocal trail should be made up of no fewer than 50 schools. A farther nail in the casket for those of us anticipating a unequivocal test, came from the Medical Research Council ( MRC ) counsel on the development of ratings of complex intercessions. This advises a â€Å"cumulative attack to understanding how res ults are achieved, traveling from theory, to patterning, to an explorative test to a unequivocal trial† ( MRC 2000 ) . This was highlighted by the stirling study in 2007, but was seemingly ‘missed ‘ in the original development of the programme. Has the Blue Prints Programme progressed our apprehension of effectual Drug Education? If we are to portion the sentiments and feelings of several journalists such as Mark Easton ( 17th September 2009 ) we would certainly experience most heartsick confronting the fact that even Home Office scientists could ‘bungle ‘ research. This is an simplistic message to take from the findings, it surely makes for good headlines and keeps the faultfinders of this universe happy ; but it is non helpful in progressing our apprehension of effectual Drug Education. Ben Goldacre in his ‘Bad Science ‘ column in the Guardian 19/09/09 reinforces Easton ‘s stance and makes several converting points about similar issues saying that â€Å"There were besides offers of advice from experts in test design, such as Prof Sheila Bird of Cambridge University, who offered to assist them make a meaningful test on the available budget.† She wrote in an electronic mail to the BBC â €Å" I/we thought the decision-making so obvious = NOT to travel in front that we did non assiduously follow-up to guarantee that the OBVIOUS determination was really made! † Clearly insinuating that the undertaking was known to be floored *** from the start and that it should hold been altered or canned. If these sentiments and statements are right I find it difficult to understand why the Blueprints Programme continued the manner it did. I can merely swear in my ain perchance naif inherent aptitudes and believe that the Blueprints Programme began with the best of purposes. Whatever the facts, the Blueprints Programme has given people in the universe of Drug Education aid with: the structuring of Drug Education Sessionss, issues around working with parents and the importance placed upon fidelity to the programme. The programme has raised the profile of Drug Education foregrounding the importance for more research and it really clearly underscore the errors from which we must larn. I still grapple with the grounds for the evident ‘failure ‘ of the Blueprints Programme to present. To assist me farther understand the possibilities behind this I consideredLawrenceW. Sherman diary on ‘Drug – free schools ‘ . In this he suggests that authorities organic structures and representatives invest money in undertakings which are of concern to the general populace ( the wellness and wellbeing of kids and possible related drug use/misuse issues being a all right illustration of this ) but with no respect for any proved impact of the programme itself. By making this a authorities is able to show its compassion for the public, no-one is able to impeach politicians of being in-different to jobs in society and other political parties besides have their custodies tied to back up the undertaking as if they are seen to differ with the enterprise they are considered detached and un-supportive by the general populace. An interesting place which would explicate the Blueprints failure to present. Sherman besides makes several other interesting observations. He points out that there is really small drug usage in schools, touching to the fact that most drug usage takes topographic point outside school premises and in the local community – which is true – but he fails to do the nexus that if an enterprise is proven to be ‘effective ‘ it is likely to hold positive impact upon the students and their community. This point is illustrated by Bruno V. Manno in his remarks on Sherman ‘s diary. Where he besides supports the position that â€Å"schools can lend to modifying the effects of outside influences and overcome household background factors and community liabilities.† etc pg 162DecisionSo after all this – should we trouble oneself with Drug Education in our schools? And does it hold any impact? I believe that the replies to these inquiries comes in 3 parts. We want to see quantitative, longitudinal informations back uping all of our attempts in the universe of drugs and Drug Education and on this forepart, for me, the grounds is non yet strong plenty. Research workers must larn from the immense sum of universe broad surveies and work that has already taken topographic point. There are many issues which need turn toing ; even after all my research my initial suggestions are rather basic. The first we need to be clear about is ; What constitutes Drug Education? Before any farther research can supply meaningful consequences we must make up one's mind whether Drug Education is a programme incorporating a series of structured lessons which focus upon facts, accomplishments and attitudes around drugs, where fidelity plays an of import function, or whether it is bigger than this? There is grounds to propose that the size of a school, its direction system, behaviour direction processs, teacher pupil relationships, teacher parent relationships, support for the development of pupil self-esteem and general school environment ( as highlighted in the Norse It ‘s My Choice programme ) impacts upon whether or non immature people choose to take drugs. Research and the findings should hold a clear grade of independency as without this any programme is unfastened to doubt. We must be clear about what we mean when we say the word Drugs. Are Drugs the demonic substances which spring to the forepart of many people ‘s heads when the word is expressed, or are they substance which when taken â€Å"changes the manner a individual feels, thinks or behaves.† ******** Do we include tea, java, and paracetamols when looking at Drug Education? Do we see Drugs which people may necessitate to be healthy? Thought needs to be given to whether our personal experiences enable us to be able to present Drug Education in an effectual, value free mode? We besides need to research whether Drug Education with a preventive angle can of all time be value free? In fact, should it be wholly value free if we want future coevalss to do ‘healthy determinations ‘ , as this clearly comes with its ain docket. Many of these realisations have been late highlighted in the 2008 Drug Review: An Entitlement for All where it makes several recommendations to the Government, one being to â€Å"Promote a wider apprehension of the purposes of drug and intoxicant instruction among immature people, parents, carers, the kids ‘s work force and the wider media.† ( ***** ) , another is clarify the purpose of Drug Education. As it stands Drug Education and Drug Prevention are defined individually. If we are to use the current definition of Drug Education as suggested in Government Guidance it would clearly hold no impact upon pupil behavior. It would merely be when we looked into Drug Prevention where any relation to behaviour could be made. The Government have accepted all the recommendations made in the reappraisal and there is to be farther Govermnet Guidance disseminated as a consequence. The UK takes a by and large positive and pro-active attack to Drug Education, this has been re-affirmed by my research and by sing attacks taken by other states. Drugs: Guidance for Schools is a comprehensive papers and is re-inforced by all of our Government, Educationally influential organic structures and the Police – current Government responses indicate that farther counsel will beef up bing certification. Since 1988 Drug Education has by and large developed, it has non radically changed. I think this can be demonstrated in the cosmopolitan diminution in the prevalence informations for kids and immature people ( appendix ** ) High outlooks are placed upon the shoulders of Drug Education, we must oppugn ourselves as to whether we are inquiring excessively much from one topic? ******** ‘Expectations of the impact of effectual drug and intoxicant instruction in our schools are high, far higher than they are for most topics. The outlooks of drug and intoxicant instruction are that it will increase students ‘ cognition, change their attitudes and heighten their accomplishments every bit good as holding an impact on their behavior ‘ . ( Ofsted 2005 )